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腰椎
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 描述腰椎的结构和功能。
- 熟悉典型腰椎的特征。
- 熟悉腰椎关节及韧带。
浏览图谱
腰椎由5块椎骨组成，分别标记为L1~L5。腰椎承担支撑上半身重量的功能，因此有着最大和最坚固的椎体。与颈椎和胸椎类似，腰椎通过椎间盘和关节突关节相连。最下方的第5腰椎通过腰骶连结与骶骨相连，其形态学特征与上方的椎体间连结相似。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/3570/KgH9YVSLlKqjHDkRp3sW9Q_typical-lumbar-vertebra_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
请仔细观察下方图谱中腰椎的结构特征。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lumbar-vertebrae/aU2PzNBffrQAUosYUV4Nw_97XArpXysy_Vertebrae_lumbales_02.png "腰椎 (Lumbar vertebrae)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/body-of-the-vertebra/siWC8WCApnu7aOJgnaKbg_NMm2zoeFz1_Corpus_vertebrae_2.png "椎体 (Vertebral body)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vertebral-foramen/6PlxbIpKIN5QDCA5TzAw_s8ZZCXjF79_Foramen_vertebrale_2.png "椎孔 (Vertebral foramen)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pedicle-of-the-vertebral-arch/lDEpbqKlxoAw7L1GhCZwg_Pediculus_arcus_vertebrae_02.png "椎弓根 (Pedicle of vertebral arch)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lamina-of-the-vertebral-arch/Jvx0nJUu0djnlc6t64gOBA_w8ygcaRq4d_Lamina_arcus_vertebrae_2.png "椎弓板 (Lamina of vertebral arch)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/spinous-process-3/QekbgUnRTw4Tk79lBkziA_Spinous_process_1.png "椎骨棘突 (Spinous process of vertebra)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/transverse-process-3/mtfpqVcJVYSH8Q6aLJhscw_Transverse_process_1.png "椎骨横突 (Transverse process of vertebra)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mammillary-process/oJa9UQkfPHPFlgVacrgpA_Proc_mammillaris_02.png "腰椎乳突 (Mammillary process of lumbar vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/accessory-process/UCDTvAnfIiUANYRysCjnQ_accesory-process-hihglights-magni-02.jpeg "腰椎副突 (Accessory process of lumbar vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/costal-process-of-lumbar-vertebra/EPrWrF4VEdpmnebl7u5bfw_costal-process-lumbar-vertebra-superior.jpg "腰椎肋突 (Costal process of lumbar vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/processus-articularis-superior/KjUYiJwktZLh8uNpP2Wadw_9JqX7AjEkg_Processus_articularis_superior_1.png "椎骨上关节突 (Superior articular process of vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/facies-articularis-superior/xzxNkQhtAyWjNG4oi4NsQ_Facies_articularis_superior_01.png "椎骨上关节面 (Superior articular facet of vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-articular-process-2/FEIM9pFSd8cgTSpLj9ZQ_Inferior_articular_process_1.png "下关节突 (Inferior articular process of vertebra)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-articular-facet/41HFk5CC0oIf9JAMrJtMyg_K4ZiVZwKrr_Facies_articularis_inferior_2.png "椎骨下关节面 (Inferior articular facet of vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articulatio-zygapophysialis/Db4hgNlSP6fSmpMPb7VSJQ_eAvDzRqUbx_Articulatio_zygapophysialis_1.png "关节突关节 (Zygapophyseal joint)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/foramen-intervertebrale/2xpcQjOgpZQSeAhpS9Dr4Q_cDLCQNmdyz_Foramen_intervertebrale_1.png "椎间孔 (Intervertebral foramen)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/intervertebral-joints-1/DQomuZgxUC6IavRmOvMSGw_Intervertebral_joints_5.png "椎骨间连结 (Intervertebral joints)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/discus-intervertebralis/yzTtPcT3HHdREVdZKCM9A_8E6EokB2JY_Discus_intervertebralis_1.png "椎间盘 (Intervertebral disc)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/flexion-of-vertebral-column/rKUvb7AE5zy3rahFkVkS9w_Flexion_of_vertebral_column.png "脊柱前屈 (Flexion of vertebral column)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/extension-of-vertebral-column/vGXbfLLejyrR0rQrI8gtag_Extension_of_vertebral_column.png "脊柱后伸 (Extension of vertebral column)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-flexion-of-the-spine/5KcGasiO4tnyVQuiCOWxw_spine_flexion.png "脊柱侧屈 (Lateral flexion of vertebral column)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
腰椎
Lumbar vertebrae
1/21
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小结
| 结构 | 5块腰椎（L1~L5） |
| 典型椎骨 | 椎体、椎弓、棘突、横突、副突、乳突和肋突 |
| 骨连结 |
椎间联合：连结相邻椎体 腰骶连结：L5与骶骨之间的椎间盘和关节突关节 |
| 类型 |
椎间盘：纤维软骨联合 关节突关节：滑膜关节 |
| 关节面 |
椎间盘：L5椎体下表面，S1椎体上表面 关节突：S1椎体上关节突、L5椎体下关节突 |
| 韧带 | 髂腰韧带、腰骶韧带 |
| 运动 | 屈曲、伸展和侧屈 |
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