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心的表面解剖
学习目标
完成本学习单元的学习后，你将能够：
- 说出并定义心的各个表面和边缘。
- 描述每个表面的标志和组成部分。
- 描述心每个表面的解剖毗邻关系。
浏览图谱
心为肌性器官，通过血管系统将血液泵送至全身，位于中纵隔，介于左、右肺之间，食管前方、胸骨后方。心具有五个表面：
- 前（胸肋）面：与胸骨体、胸横肌及第3~6肋软骨相邻，位于前纵隔后方。
- 下（膈）面：主要与膈的中心腱相贴。
- 左、右（肺）面：分别与左、右肺相邻。左肺面由左心室的外侧部及左心房/左心耳的一小部分构成；右肺面则介于上腔静脉和下腔静脉的胸腔段之间。
- 后面（心底）：位于主支气管和食管前方。
心同时具有四个边缘：
- 右缘：大致沿右心房走行，介于上、下腔静脉之间，还覆盖右心室的一小部分。
- 左（钝）缘：分隔左肺面和前面，主要由左心室和左心耳的一部分构成。
- 上缘：沿主动脉和肺动脉干的根部走行，还覆盖左、右心耳的一小部分。
- 下（锐）缘：沿右心室走行，其心尖部为左心室的一部分。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/459/msSgeNA14T9Eulmvg9wNjQ_anterior-view-of-the-heart_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/289/9FUUvtIAawqITpJAVFp5tQ_posteroinferior-view-of-the-heart_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
快来在下方的图集里观察心各个表面的标志性结构及毗邻结构吧！
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-surface-of-heart/CK0a6HYM3hZ0jGhV2dkrmA_anterior-surface-of-heart.jpg "心脏前面 (Anterior surface of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-surface-of-heart/ZzAFiJ0Qx2h0u5RVFaL7A_right-surface-of-heart.jpg "心脏右面 (Right surface of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-surface-of-heart-1/r9RyPFPrgro9xsS8qLs5VQ_left-surface-of-heart-1.jpg "心脏左面 (Left surface of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-border-of-heart/SQOJ2EjehnNrvoWOJS3XQ_right-border-of-heart.jpg "心脏右缘 (Right border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-border-of-heart/zMkEklfusZH4EMEqSjRS9Q_left-border-of-heart.jpg "心左缘 (Left border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superior-border-of-heart/2fjI4fyGXsuSe7nCpgx6TA_superior-border-of-heart.jpg "心上缘 (Superior border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-border-of-heart/xH0DGqL9oNFLrGFyfJIg_inferior-border-of-heart.jpg "心脏下缘 (Inferior border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-atrium-7/sYy0rkViUuLOYNKi7HVsA_right-atrium-7.jpg "右心房 (Right atrium of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/auricula-dextra-2/snYuRlUKtTzwDxgJCbFDhQ_auricula-dextra-2.jpg "右心耳 (Right auricle of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-atrium-6/QauEtegOoCZs8YKUpRBauQ_left-atrium-6.jpg "左心房 (Left atrium of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/auricula-sinistra-2/e4Jn7GoYvjokbw88LgetA_auricula-sinistra-2.jpg "左心耳 (Left auricle of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/coronary-sulcus-2/aMhdxzDSLTRQXw6BFMI1Q_coronary-sulcus-2.jpg "冠状沟 (Coronary sulcus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-ventricle-of-heart/ff9HEzfeVoYKjMOOMtOZRA_right-ventricle-of-heart.jpg "心脏右心室 (Right ventricle of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-ventricle-11/LlPzqU5V4vGpFzEG13Kw_left-ventricle-11.jpg "心脏左心室 (Left ventricle of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/apex-cordis-2/au7VVw4dRhsQBGIL218HaQ_apex-cordis-2.jpg "心尖 (Apex of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/notch-of-cardiac-apex/C55K6T2r5tVC94g3i9log_notch-of-cardiac-apex.jpg "心尖切迹 (Notch of cardiac apex)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-interventricularis-anterior-2/duvAnhVszUllT5SHN4Fa8w_sulcus-interventricularis-anterior-2.jpg "前室间沟 (Anterior interventricular sulcus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/aorta-ascendens/4kwVDboJjSxWSPvehmdLw_aorta-ascendens.jpg "升主动脉 (Ascending aorta)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arcus-aortae-3/c4vjjna8RcDgfAuuxYWCOg_arcus-aortae-3.jpg "主动脉弓 (Aortic arch)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/truncus-brachiocephalicus-4/z4BvIeiPbvn38DBnzDi9jw_truncus-brachiocephalicus-4.jpg "头臂干 (Brachiocephalic trunk)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-carotis-communis-sinistra-3/YbBY4nqjdSBPfbaJ9sRCSg_arteria-carotis-communis-sinistra-3.jpg "左颈总动脉 (Left common carotid artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-subclavia-sinistra-2/KLq0K8hSksoYeBXskUruw_arteria-subclavia-sinistra-2.jpg "左锁骨下动脉 (Left subclavian artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/truncus-pulmonalis-2/p1MNIu4NUfKtsZFUOUB5Vw_truncus-pulmonalis-2.jpg "肺动脉干 (Pulmonary trunk)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-pulmonalis-sinistra-3/gM0I7DHxzoWRJjcpg6Vgg_arteria-pulmonalis-sinistra-3.jpg "左肺动脉 (Left pulmonary artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/venae-pulmonales-sinistrae/26iCHmTE11y3catkHwnmA_venae-pulmonales-sinistrae.jpg "左肺静脉 (Left pulmonary veins)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-cava-superior-3/8qket3ENafHUKVv47PuLDA_vena-cava-superior-3.jpg "上腔静脉 (Superior vena cava)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-cava-inferior/tOgHYCUbLykWIQfYrSO6Xw_vena-cava-inferior.jpg "下腔静脉 (Inferior vena cava)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
心脏前面
Anterior surface of heart
1/27
同义词：
心脏前表面
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-surface-of-heart-1/aXzd4u00f4lQD3iGkuXQ_inferior-surface-of-heart-1.jpg "心脏下面 (Inferior surface of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/base-of-heart/sRMkUmEZlroQ1HB3se7BCQ_base-of-heart.jpg "心底 (Base of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-surface-of-heart-1/Bzq60lH2IZovtG7Oz2IhFg_right-surface-of-heart-1.jpg "心脏右面 (Right surface of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-surface-of-heart/enEhWwyWQ9fEBxvhFOiJBg_left-surface-of-heart.jpg "心脏左面 (Left surface of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-border-of-heart-1/bc3Uv1YxR8ejnuEsz3FPYw_left-border-of-heart-1.jpg "心左缘 (Left border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-border-of-heart-1/gXFRck5AKmSgPPWJNSBZA_right-border-of-heart-1.jpg "心脏右缘 (Right border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-border-of-heart-1/YUv7uR8niRAYtJq4k0D8w_inferior-border-of-heart-1.jpg "心脏下缘 (Inferior border of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/atrium-dextrum-2/uiJx6UiATFSUOUTrcoKKQ_atrium-dextrum-2.jpg "右心房 (Right atrium of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/atrium-sinistrum/4wjrrDN8jj02qo3f172uA_atrium-sinistrum.jpg "左心房 (Left atrium of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ventriculus-dexter-3/nXItSLS2NM3lV95g6OeXbA_ventriculus-dexter-3.jpg "心脏右心室 (Right ventricle of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ventriculus-sinister-3/vm9IkvepDGjgVtctHeng_ventriculus-sinister-3.jpg "心脏左心室 (Left ventricle of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/apex-cordis-3/zUukABnVrcm294OI1ttyA_apex-cordis-3.jpg "心尖 (Apex of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-interventricularis-posterior/qa4ImsqmvnRDQhM7foIm6g_sulcus-interventricularis-posterior.jpg "下室间沟 (Inferior interventricular sulcus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sinus-coronarius/1GD1Nw2kUjLs9SXgrLpkng_sinus-coronarius.jpg "冠状窦 (Coronary sinus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/crux-of-heart/FceEhTYyDVGs68ZN48Fg_crux-of-heart.jpg "心十字 (Crux of heart)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arcus-aortae-4/42nLNQ2ihPCKTCE5LpJ2kQ_arcus-aortae-4.jpg "主动脉弓 (Aortic arch)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/truncus-brachiocephalicus-5/9G1P2zuXWLrFMOXMXooR7Q_truncus-brachiocephalicus-5.jpg "头臂干 (Brachiocephalic trunk)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-carotis-communis-sinistra-4/zTBHWUBDHD9iBYRhkfvwCA_arteria-carotis-communis-sinistra-4.jpg "左颈总动脉 (Left common carotid artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-subclavia-sinistra-3/frTCRsSf5vkBM5hTKzbIGg_arteria-subclavia-sinistra-3.jpg "左锁骨下动脉 (Left subclavian artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-pulmonalis-sinistra-4/5ELfIuzFXOR4um9DSxOB6A_arteria-pulmonalis-sinistra-4.jpg "左肺动脉 (Left pulmonary artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-pulmonalis-dextra-3/cfFWeR3MHYdMjkFw98mBjQ_arteria-pulmonalis-dextra-3.jpg "右肺动脉 (Right pulmonary artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/venae-pulmonales-dextrae/JbQqCJTeZb2dFHBUtr36Ug_venae-pulmonales-dextrae.jpg "右肺静脉 (Right pulmonary veins)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/venae-pulmonales-sinistrae-2/6RPOkVqPkb9EdSFEM1PJ6Q_venae-pulmonales-sinistrae-2.jpg "左肺静脉 (Left pulmonary veins)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-cava-inferior-2/RJPvx8Y9jUgSlrqVrimIyw_vena-cava-inferior-2.jpg "下腔静脉 (Inferior vena cava)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-cava-superior-4/Drsm3pU3g4pPnZSqOWZQ_vena-cava-superior-4.jpg "上腔静脉 (Superior vena cava)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
心脏下面
Inferior surface of heart
1/25
同义词：
心脏下表面
进行测验
学习上述图谱后，快来完成下方测验，巩固对心表面结构的理解吧！
下载下方标注练习资料，识别心的解剖结构吧！
小结
| 前（胸肋）面 |
组成：右心房、2/3右心室、1/3左心室 标志：右心耳、冠状沟、前室间沟、心尖 血管：右冠状动脉、前室间动/静脉、右心室前静脉 毗邻：胸骨、胸肋肌、第3~6肋软骨 |
| 下（膈）面 |
组成：左心室、右心室 标志：后室间沟、房室沟、心尖 血管：后室间动脉、心中静脉、冠状窦、左心室下静脉 毗邻：主要贴于膈中心腱，与膈左侧肌性部小部分相邻 |
| 左（肺）面 |
组成：左心室、左心房及左心耳的小部分 标志：房室沟 血管：旋支、心大静脉、左缘静脉 毗邻：左心包膈神经血管束、左胸膜/左肺 |
| 右（肺）面 |
组成：右心房 标志：界沟 毗邻：下腔静脉胸腔段、上腔静脉、右胸膜/右肺 |
| 后面（心底） |
组成：右心房、左心房 血管：冠状窦、左/右肺静脉、腔静脉 毗邻：主支气管、食管 |
继续学习
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