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下颌神经（CN V3）
学习目标
完成本单元学习后，你将能够:
- 描述下颌神经的起源及相关核团。
- 理解下颌神经的通路与行程。
- 识别下颌神经的分支及其分布区域。
浏览图谱
三叉神经（CN V）是粗大且复杂的脑神经，自三叉神经节前部分出三大分支：眼神经、上颌神经和下颌神经。
下颌神经与三叉神经运动根伴行，经卵圆孔出颅，并于颞下窝内汇合。下颌神经是三叉神经分支中唯一包含传入（感觉）和传出（运动）纤维的分支。其分布范围包括：
- 一般躯体传入纤维（感觉）：下颌、颊部及颞区皮肤、口腔及舌黏膜、下颌牙、部分外耳以及颞下颌关节。
- 特殊内脏传出纤维：支配八块肌肉：咀嚼肌（4块）、下颌舌骨肌、二腹肌前腹、腭帆张肌和鼓膜张肌。
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其他纤维（特殊内脏传入纤维、一般内脏传出纤维）通过与其他脑神经分支的吻合，由下颌神经一并传导。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/2783/RT4fJiGRPjO2Fj8Casbg_mandibular-nerve-zoomed-in_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/522/BdKxl0ZObAFgQFMGOBYA_mandibular-nerve_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
请在下方图谱中仔细查看下颌神经的路径和分支。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sensory-root-of-trigeminal-nerve/xwkvAtwHsXBhFbDuyWeKjg_Sensory_root_of_trigeminal_nerve_magni.png "三叉神经感觉根 (Sensory root of trigeminal nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/motor-root-of-trigeminal-nerve/xaOBy0li24av3fFXG3klfA_Motor_root_of_trigeminal_nerve_magni.png "三叉神经运动根 (Motor root of trigeminal nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ganglion-trigeminale-3/xtrSxTjoKzxTOhsyOZ8g_Trigeminal_ganglion.png "三叉神经节 (Trigeminal ganglion)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-ophthalmicus-3/loiSQSgThiypE2UDEptA_Ophthalmic_nerve.png "眼神经 (Ophthalmic nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-maxillaris-3/U0D4qamy4FzC3zkoJXH0Vg_Maxillary_nerve.png "上颌神经 (Maxillary nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-mandibularis-3/WB6v50xGCm2RcVTHzFoDUQ_Mandibular_nerve_magni.png "下颌神经 (Mandibular nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ramus-meningeus-nervi-mandibularis/5EzvezL8aphuk7lyga9Xg_Meningeal_branch_of_mandibular_nerve_magni.png "下颌神经脑膜支 (Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nerve-to-medial-pterygoid-muscle/yna9XwlOjvHtXzNSBOUT4g_Nerve_to_medial_pterygoid_magni.png "翼内肌神经 (Nerve to medial pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-division-of-mandibular-nerve/kcnmfr4km5XcO9zkUABg_Anterior_division_of_mandibular_nerve_magni.png "下颌神经前干 (Anterior division of mandibular nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-buccalis-2/9Gn4l5TUWaOZc4WHqBw_Buccal_nerve.png "颊神经 (Buccal nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-massetericus/WJ25kwD2xjsnqyXQLtz9Dg_Masseteric_nerve_magni.png "咬肌神经 (Masseteric nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-temporalis-profundus-posterior/my165EOI7mhLys46kKYLw_Posterior_deep_temporal_nerve_magni.png "颞深后神经 (Posterior deep temporal nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nerve-to-lateral-pterygoid-muscle/zfb3KFSVLWFQd6VowFU0WA_Nerve_to_lateral_pterygoid_magni.png "翼外肌神经 (Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-temporalis-profundus-anterior/rkDp9clgAyYCjUE0oSyQ_Anterior_deep_temporal_nerve.png "颞深前神经 (Anterior deep temporal nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-division-of-mandibular-nerve/V09m2DkgPGPT8HyXVK9XA_Posterior_division_of_mandibular_nerve_magni.png "下颌神经后干 (Posterior division of mandibular nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-auriculotemporalis-2/OqpkG6OF8m4pbe71ymWu6Q_Auriculotemporal_nerve_magni.png "耳颞神经 (Auriculotemporal nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-lingualis-2/THWJ8i4FSIfINcc4CJgV6A_Lingual_nerve.png "舌神经 (Lingual nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-branch-of-lingual-nerve-to-submandibular-ganglion/zUGROOR8bDHngc4J0dL4g_PmpY99eJj8tflTstUJvIg_Posterior_branch_of_lingual_nerve_to_submandibular_ganglion.png "舌神经下颌下神经节后支 (Posterior branch of lingual nerve to submandibular ganglion)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-branch-of-lingual-nerve-to-submandibular-ganglion/moaUpgRhAiDIH579sWQyKA_Anterior_branch_of_lingual_nerve_to_submandibular_ganglion.png "舌神经下颌下神经节前支 (Anterior branch of lingual nerve to submandibular ganglion)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ganglion-submandibulare-2/cvaf0YZXTDRYXrU00Pup7g_Submandibular_ganglion.png "下颌下神经节 (Submandibular ganglion)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/submandibular-nerves/EJa8j0l7me0c7jWMyexnA_Submandibular_nerves.png "下颌下神经节 (Submandibular nerves)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lingual-branches-of-lingual-nerve/AVpfrnyA7cfP2niaHtTBzQ_Lingual_branches_of_lingual_nerve.png "舌神经舌支 (Lingual branches of lingual nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-sublingualis/pnEdP5RclXi1kdaPKWKg_Sublingual-nerve_magni.png "舌下神经 (Sublingual nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-alveolaris-inferior/WVpki9qMsKmS6CJRGcXg_Inferior_alveolar_nerve.png "下牙槽神经 (Inferior alveolar nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/rami-dentales-inferiores/OKvMljgylImujfH2hWGWjQ_Inferior_dental_plexus_magnified.png "下牙丛 (Inferior dental plexus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-mylohyoideus/a32lwIgthAPjMNaqLtIA_Nerve_to_mylohyoid.png "下颌舌骨肌神经 (Nerve to mylohyoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-mentalis-2/eknALstAD53SnIKLqk8Vig_Mental_nerve.png "颏神经 (Mental nerve)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-meningea-media-3/AK7getGzE5QxuBen76PgiQ_Middle_meningeal_artery.png "脑膜中动脉 (Middle meningeal artery)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/chorda-tympani-7/3feSMUQnDygoCEMjH74hgw_Chorda_tympani_magni.png "鼓索 (Chorda tympani)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sublingual-gland-4/JH2SIFkBxmZBt2gqSbGGPg_Sublingual_gland.png "舌下腺 (Sublingual gland)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/submandibular-gland-10/MMZtIJFksR3T95XTjcsQ_Submandibular_gland.png "下颌下腺 (Submandibular gland)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-pterygoid-muscle-10/ChxpiJJgUoYSm2OrhT2cQ_Lateral_pterygoid_muscle.png "翼外肌 (Lateral pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/medial-pterygoid-muscle-14/hOAd1tLn54Ji1rsrrMBig_Medial_pterygoid_muscle.png "翼内肌 (Medial pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/buccinator-muscle-9/rYaHcY5Os5pQE6WewHUsg_Buccinator_muscle.png "颊肌 (Buccinator muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mylohyoid-muscle-11/WCdd37NnRyNZy4hxCUCJA_Mylohyoid_muscle.png "下颌舌骨肌 (Mylohyoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-belly-of-digastric-muscle-3/NaFoStvlzJPNZHrG9U78Iw_Anterior_belly_of_digastric_muscle.png "二腹肌前腹 (Anterior belly of digastric muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
三叉神经感觉根
Sensory root of trigeminal nerve
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小结
| 结构与特征 |
纤维：一般躯体传入纤维（感觉）、特殊内脏传出纤维（鳃弓运动纤维）（特殊内脏传入纤维/味觉纤维，一般内脏传出纤维/副交感纤维亦发至/自其他脑神经） 起源：三叉神经节 出颅部位：卵圆孔 相关神经核：感觉核（三叉神经中脑核、三叉神经脑桥核、三叉神经脊束核）、三叉神经运动核 相关神经节：三叉神经节、耳神经节、下颌下神经节 |
| 分支 |
下颌神经的脑膜支 翼内肌神经 前干：咬肌神经、颞深前神经和颞深后神经、翼外肌神经、颊神经 后干：耳颞神经、舌神经、下牙槽神经 |
| 功能 |
一般躯体传入纤维：面下部皮肤及黏膜、口腔、耳及下颌牙 一般躯体传出纤维：咀嚼肌、下颌舌骨肌、二腹肌前腹、腭帆张肌、鼓膜张肌 特殊内脏传入纤维：舌前2/3的味觉 一般内脏传出纤维：下颌下腺和舌下腺的分泌 |
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