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女性会阴
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将掌握：
- 定位并识别女性会阴的边界。
- 描述肛三角的主要组成部分和边界。
- 描述尿生殖三角的主要组成部分和边界。
- 识别尿生殖三角的外部特征和表面解剖结构。
浏览图谱
会阴是位于盆腔正下方的一个呈菱形的区域，构成了人体躯干的最下部。
女性会阴的上界（内侧）为盆膈，下界（外侧）为会阴皮肤及筋膜。该区域分布着肌肉、勃起组织和海绵体组织，具有排泄、排便及生殖功能。
通过两侧坐骨结节的连线，即坐骨结节间线，可将会阴分为两个区域：肛三角和尿生殖三角。
- 尿生殖三角位于前方，由会阴膜进一步分为会阴浅隙和会阴深隙，包含与女性泌尿、生殖系统相关的肌肉、筋膜、勃起组织及间隙，是女性外生殖器的附着点。
- 肛三角位于后方，内含肛管以及肛门内、外括约肌，都被充满脂肪的间隙所包绕，该间隙称为坐骨肛门窝。
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会阴的位置和结构听起来可能有点抽象，不过别着急——我们准备了三个不同角度的立体图集，帮你轻松搞懂这个部位！
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mons-pubis-4/cyPCfddrgeE82PnsuFu6aQ_Mons_pubis.png "阴阜 (Mons pubis)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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耻骨联合
Pubic symphysis
1/32
同义词：
无
首先，从冠状切面观察肛门和泌尿生殖三角区，一探女性会阴的内部构造。
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-bulbospongiosus-4/INeacn9Iqeg6ZnQWrm1XQ_Bulbospongiosus_muscle_01.png "女性球海绵体肌 (Bulbospongiosus muscle (female))；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ramus-inferior-ossis-pubis-4/InE9TvJWhLwLcHmfh2S7w_R._inferior_ossis_pubis_01.png "耻骨下支 (Inferior pubic ramus)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/compressor-urethrae-muscle/ukbkSupev0VZ8CjNlRXKbw_6SkV3noeoV4DnjDmgFOWIw_Sphincter.png "尿道压迫肌 (Compressor urethrae muscle)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-sphincter-urethrae-externus-2/r3yXeBRPwoD08HPXCSuEeQ_External_urethral_sphincter.png "女性尿道外括约肌 (Female external urethral sphincter (proper))；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/membrana-perinei/6BkYHzwcKZWjfXKVar8A_Membrana_perinei_01.png "会阴膜 (Perineal membrane)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-ischiocavernosus-3/ey3GaLs95OtO5DosRuaDw_M._ischiocavernosus_01.png "女性坐骨海绵体肌 (Ischiocavernosus muscle (female))；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-bulbospongiosus-2/pB76UcLfSJfQGWlZj0OdQ_M._bulbospongiosus_01.png "女性球海绵体肌 (Bulbospongiosus muscle (female))；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/fascia-perinei-profunda/xpyrlqaJh8wCQrqpHCzZQ_Fascia_perinei_profunda_01.png "会阴深筋膜 (Deep perineal fascia)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superficial-perineal-fascia/NDNYMHRmbbK3q5hikW4sw_Fascia_perinei_superficialis_2.png "会阴浅筋膜 (Superficial perineal fascia)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/round-ligament-of-uterus-3/BYlPAkdQT8J4dtMeNflKog_Lig._teres_uteri_2.png "子宫圆韧带 (Round ligament of uterus)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
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闭孔内肌
Obturator internus muscle
1/29
同义词：
闭孔内肌群
最后，我们还将通过矢状切面视角，带你全方位认识女性会阴的立体结构。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-levator-ani-2/vgBPdNMrxUoCch3tvfEeg_M._levator_ani_01.png "肛提肌 (Levator ani muscle)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-sphincter-ani-externus-2/TS2xkvrgE05DyB9AHmScTQ_M._sphincter_ani_externus_01.png "肛门外括约肌 (External anal sphincter)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/centrum-tendineum-perinei/udPnKIo6sCrsadzawEuY0A_Centrum_tendineum_perinei_01.png "会阴体 (Perineal body)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ramus-inferior-ossis-pubis-2/PtJeaXFrKFPlIFGAiMOsBA_Ramus_inferior_ossis_pubis_01.png "耻骨下支 (Inferior pubic ramus)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-ischiocavernosus-2/KNuoIdrzZcrWbXO5QvJhfg_M._ischiocavernosus_01.png "女性坐骨海绵体肌 (Ischiocavernosus muscle (female))；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/labium-minus/sKsfrjztOjfrgx9hqi4kMQ_Labia_minora_pudendi_01.png "小阴唇 (Labium minus of vulva)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/labium-majus/2LndEKbQKUqlnh80QUIOoA_Labium_majus_pudendi_01.png "大阴唇 (Labium majus of vulva)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
肛提肌
Levator ani muscle
1/7
同义词：
无
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小结
| 边界 |
内侧（顶）：盆膈（肛提肌和尾骨肌） |
分区 |
1. 尿生殖三角（会阴深隙及会阴浅隙） |
| 边界 |
上界：盆膈（肛提肌和尾骨肌） 下界：筋膜和皮肤 前界：耻骨联合 后界：坐骨结节间线 侧界：耻骨下支和坐骨支及坐骨结节 |
| 分区 | 会阴深隙和会阴浅隙 |
| 层次与内容物 |
由深至浅：盆膈下筋膜 会阴深隙：会阴深横肌、尿道压缩肌、尿道阴道括约肌、尿道外括约肌、尿道和阴道的部分以及坐骨肛门窝前隐窝 会阴膜 会阴浅隙：阴蒂脚、坐骨海绵体肌、前庭球、球海绵体肌 筋膜：会阴筋膜（Colles筋膜）和会阴皮下组织 |
| 表面解剖 | 阴阜、大阴唇、阴唇前连合、阴唇后连合、阴道前庭裂（女阴裂）、小阴唇、阴蒂头、阴道前庭（尿道外口、尿道旁腺开口和阴道口） |
| 边界 |
上界：盆膈（肛提肌和尾骨肌） 下界：筋膜和皮肤 前界：坐骨结节间线 后界：尾骨和骶骨 侧界：骶结节韧带和坐骨结节 |
| 内容物 | 肛门外括约肌、肛门内括约肌、肛管、肛门、尾骨安韧带（尾骨球）和坐骨肛门窝 |
:format(jpeg)/images/article/pen-bu-he-hui-yin/BJt8SXYUZz63dHsSYMg3A_PiltFkqYP9502S3FCBAg_Fascia_pelvis_visceralis_01.png)
:format(jpeg)/images/article/nv-xing-sheng-zhi-qi-guan/aBq8Ru6Ly235ZztKazBjQ_SW8FNwHo6qqoJ0UAJKoVw_Uterus_Whole_Large.png)
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