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颈椎
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 定位并命名每块颈椎。
- 熟悉颈椎的骨性标志及关节面。
浏览图谱
颈椎有7块，自上而下依次命名为C1~C7。
颈椎中存在3块非典型椎骨。第1、2颈椎分别称为寰椎和枢椎，而第7颈椎因其长棘突被称为隆椎。其余颈椎（C3~C6）具有相似的解剖结构，因此被归为典型的颈椎。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/798/m64HqXSfIoXmGwQFfYDRfw_cervical-spine-bones-and-ligaments-atlas-and-axis_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/3556/nsXkAWAqruoUE7bQGURKxg_cervical-spine-bones-and-ligaments-typical-cervical-vertebra_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
通过下方图集观察7块颈椎及其解剖标志。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cervical-vertebrae/ACGhTuAQOnkP9tsaY9Whqw_pmb4W5zVja_Vertebrae_cervicales_02.png "颈椎 (Cervical vertebrae)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cervical-vertebrae-1/oDMiZSNslAbV12PWlW9twA_cervical_vertebrae.png "颈椎 (Cervical vertebrae)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/atlas/OWBP83DR1PRSOiQD7CVKQ_5JMottQvu8_Atlas_1.png "寰椎 (Atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/atlas-6/On37OZPaIaebxyH63L0DQ_atlas.png "寰椎 (Atlas)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arcus-anterior-atlantis/WxSsP97crZ2pXvDIaFmSGg_51TZjH41Y8_Arcus_anterior_atlantis_1.png "寰椎前弓 (Anterior arch of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-tubercle-of-atlas-1/igKoOisfIASjqBd1uebTQ_anterior_tubercle_of_atlas.png "寰椎前结节 (Anterior tubercle of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/massa-lateralis-atlantis/7RfMwHIiAf2jB9dZVDVcHA_lateral_masses1.png "寰椎侧块 (Lateral mass of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-mass-of-the-atlas/PdhRIA4T2F6dCWJKvf2ZLA_Massa_lateralis_atlantis2.png "寰椎侧块 (Lateral mass of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/processus-transversus-atlantis/XXCRQoMTYL6esXWnUfbDng_Processus_transversus_atlantis_1.png "寰椎横突 (Transverse process of atlas)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arcus-posterior-atlantis/PamCVmMz7iVj6EMDvQ96A_dT7oyEvhFi_Arcus_posterior_atlantis_1.png "寰椎后弓 (Posterior arch of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-tubercles-of-atlas/jsvhQPM2i1TSL1ONkMF2cw_Posterior_tubercle_of_atlas_02.png "寰椎后结节 (Posterior tubercle of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/axis/JKK3DNS299UakN2RSL1m8w_Vty5rFgs7u_Axis1.png "枢椎 (Axis)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/axis-2/bal5yO8OVoycHeCliSA5LQ_4EAjpnUQQs_Axis_2.png "枢椎 (Axis)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/dens-axis/9W92YJMsUEtJ1DEv2jPyVw_Cy2NxYaJSg_Dens_axis_1.png "齿突 (Dens of axis)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/facies-articularis-posterior/kkpXR4js9gDQOOjMI6G4w_1UnVCc6hXq_Facies_articularis_posterior_1.png "齿突后关节面 (Posterior articular facet of dens axis)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/transverse-process-of-c2/foXe7JaclJrsZbUrxlUEA_Processus_transversus_CII_m02.png "枢椎横突 (Transverse process of axis)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/spinous-process-c2/qkj23B7MUHuSCowxuarOQ_Spinous_process_of_axis_02.png "枢椎棘突 (Spinous process of axis)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/transverse-process-c2-c7/TYgOCUv0gWFHE2gdpbDoVQ_Processus_transverus_C2-C7_02.png "第2~7颈椎横突 (Transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/processus-transversus-cii-cvii/OxdqrK99eZr3rWSp5SNAw_Processus_transversus_C2-C7_01.png "第2~7颈椎横突 (Transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/tuberculum-anterius/w3L2Uxoup1aUbvl85M3Jg_kh4aeYsmqN_Tuberculum_anterius_1.png "颈椎前结节 (Anterior tubercle of cervical vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-nervi-spinalis/oAO62hfoy7wjZgf7WMufw_W5StpzFqvZ_Sulcus_nervi_spinalis_1.png "脊神经沟 (Groove for spinal nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/tuberculum-posterius/UFYQF9hj90uuYdxBmPrvQ_pPLVW9gRMd_Tuberculum_posterius_1.png "颈椎后结节 (Posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/foramen-transversum/8WRfYKILVuFI3zyzs2XzA_DuYCDxLUBo_Foramen_transversum_1.png "横突孔 (Transverse foramen of vertebra)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/spinous-process-c2-c7/uTQF6P7Q1f1gO9Mw4w5A_Spinous_process_C2-C7.png "第2~7颈椎棘突 (Spinous processes of vertebrae C2-C7)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/seventh-cervical-vertebra/TvDHREY2S4QOZgNkz19yvw_C7_highlight.png "第7颈椎 (Vertebra C7)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
颈椎
Cervical vertebrae
1/25
同义词：
无
在熟悉椎骨结构后，我们继续观察颈椎的关节和韧带。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articulatio-atlantooccipitalis/PiPdBJw3rDmf0F594lhM2A_NpBWQHsorZ_Articulatio_atlantooccipitalis_1.png "寰枕关节 (Atlantooccipital joint)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articulatio-atlantoaxialis-lateralis/eew5XgEPxfMwXPIMXPSZ1w_7nzfxspsKp_Articulatio_atlantooccipitalis_1.png "寰枢外侧关节 (Lateral atlantoaxial joint)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/median-atlantoaxial-joint/clAwdexFQepQu567pf6Ig_Untitled.001.jpeg "寰枢正中关节 (Median atlantoaxial joint)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ligamenta-alaria/RvmC6WNRU9qtwRqn2LsVYg_sawWcZ4gEW_Ligamenta_alaria_1.png "翼状韧带 (Alar ligament)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ligamentum-transversum-atlantis/mqjxa0KLgSyquoIH1T8U9w_EMz8qeF86G_Ligamentum_transversum_atlantis_1.png "寰椎横韧带 (Transverse ligament of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ligamentum-transversum-atlantis-2/WWc1I0cfzdRJMxcDbvUuA_Lig._transversum_atlantis_m01.png "寰椎横韧带 (Transverse ligament of atlas)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ligamentum-apicis-dentis/yaivihjBJxonztuwEmAog_Lig._apicis_dentis_m01.png "齿突尖韧带 (Apical ligament of dens)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
寰枕关节
Atlantooccipital joint
1/7
同义词：
寰枕连结
进行测验
这一章的解剖内容很多，我们的测验能帮你巩固知识。
小结
| 颈椎的组成 |
7块颈椎 典型结构：第3~6颈椎 特殊结构：第1颈椎、第2颈椎和第7颈椎 |
| 典型颈椎结构 | 椎体、椎弓（椎弓根与椎弓板）、棘突、横突、上/下关节突和关节面 |
| 特殊颈椎 |
寰椎（第1颈椎）：前弓、后弓、侧块、横突和椎孔 枢椎（第2颈椎）：椎体、齿突、椎弓根（2个）、横突（2个）、椎弓板（2个）和棘突 隆椎（第7颈椎）：除不分叉的长棘突和椎体较大外，其余特征与典型椎体相同 |
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