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下肢主要肌肉
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 辨认下肢肌群。
- 掌握下肢主要肌肉的知识要点和功能。
- 理解下肢肌肉之间的解剖学关系。
观看视频
下肢肌肉分为四组：
- 髋肌
- 大腿肌
- 小腿肌
- 足肌
这些肌肉作用于下肢关节，实现肢体运动。每个肌群根据其位置和特定功能被进一步分为若干亚群。
本视频教程将为你介绍下肢主要肌肉的解剖结构和功能。
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浏览图谱
观察下方图库中髋部与大腿肌肉的解剖结构。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-iliopsoas/P1eserQ4SDTe1ZbufXw_M._iliopsoas_01.png "髂腰肌 (Iliopsoas muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-gluteus-maximus/UMpPDGJINr1wukpLidakYg_w7ss9tWRW1_M._gluteus_max._NN_1.png "臀大肌 (Gluteus maximus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/gluteus-medius-muscle-2/dVGD75SFpFlpRbOM7CNZg_os6gu86kRw_M._gluteus_med._NN_2.png "臀中肌 (Gluteus medius muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/gluteus-minimus-muscle/U2nOFkmEw8EMMZPAljf86g_xxyeHs2xqt_M._gluteus_min._NN_2.png "臀小肌 (Gluteus minimus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-piriformis/0UnxBNPuUoohmlAovHgXQ_oBykvzVt4n_M._piriformis_NN_1.png "梨状肌 (Piriformis muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-pectineus/vaES39uEJjYbb5F0tkxhDA_WSz1YLHvfG_M._pectineus_NN_1.png "耻骨肌 (Pectineus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-adductor-magnus/CPGjGjkHCvfc3TroZOUVA_adductor_magnus.png "大收肌 (Adductor magnus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-adductor-longus/Y4IJgXkKntR293SzLsIlQ_CpjiG9eSvo_M._adductor_longus_NN_1.png "长收肌 (Adductor longus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-gracilis/7FfnS2QgPMVnqGlNFq9LA_ZSrvD8qSf7_M._gracilis_NN_1.png "股薄肌 (Gracilis muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/quadriceps-femoris-muscle/QMnLEcTe8nN8wJUiLkgw_quadriceps_femoris.png "股四头肌 (Quadriceps femoris muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-rectus-femoris/u9CG8USFzTYEGjoOaFKyBA_rectus_femoris_muscle.png "股直肌 (Rectus femoris muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-vastus-medialis/QK1NmzKHNDUyL0GDEIoyg_vastus_medialis.png "股内侧肌 (Vastus medialis muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-vastus-intermedius/zukkr2ZDYhpLrYBm1BAAQ_vastus_intermedius.png "股中间肌 (Vastus intermedius muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-vastus-lateralis/LYYU8fmPVNdFEKkpdcrtw_vastus_lateralis.png "股外侧肌 (Vastus lateralis muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-biceps-femoris/AE7ihwDvKXNjjlbMdi8sg_biceps_femoris.png "股二头肌 (Biceps femoris muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-semimembranosus/Z9787lT3L9gCeNg6lLjaoQ_rUXLrd6UsJ_M._semimembranosus_NN_1.png "半膜肌 (Semimembranosus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
髂腰肌
Iliopsoas muscle
1/16
同义词：
无
继续观察小腿和足部的肌肉。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/tibialis-anterior-muscle/ssEatJ6boVqj60odURIiQ_S6zoMopRSV_M._tibialis_anterior_NN_2.png "胫骨前肌 (Tibialis anterior muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-extensor-hallucis-longus/2BDP64sTfMVlRUWVsQPCRg_odBS58SkbP_M._extensor_hallucis_longus_NN_1.png "拇长伸肌 (Extensor hallucis longus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-peroneus-longus/U3KpW62Izkt1ASKpf5VmQ_txqULDGkD3_M._peroneus_longus_NN_1.png "腓骨长肌 (Fibularis longus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/gastrocnemius-muscle/UBNnWrJfEfzi1t893NoOyg_Pzr4hPK6pL_M._gastrocnemius_NN_2.png "腓肠肌 (Gastrocnemius muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/soleus-muscle/NF7lWH2Xak0mdscWQSvLA_s95MWLhk5s_M._soleus_NN_2.png "比目鱼肌 (Soleus muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/m-abductor-hallucis/gWQ6QpOoEQ6B4IlUz2pg_4naQ4XUTMs_M._abductor_hallucis_1.png "拇展肌 (Abductor hallucis muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mm-lumbricales/eHLZB8OjNxqn4SRdXrzag_Mm._lumbricales_01.png "足蚓状肌 (Lumbrical muscles of foot)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/m-quadratus-plantae/qXQM6s3IPye3d4b5VATvg_Qp4zYy1wnA_M._quadratus_plantae_1.png "跖方肌 (Quadratus plantae muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/m-abductor-digiti-minimi/OqO33OAa7kqDy8ZOAlo9Q_pUFX2cNm1V_M._abductor_digiti_minimi_1.png "小趾展肌 (Abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/m-extensor-hallucis-brevis/V8S4bOumhXsM0Be5lr10sw_uWVzWKaUFy_M._extensor_hallucis_brevis_1.png "拇短伸肌 (Extensor hallucis brevis muscle)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
胫骨前肌
Tibialis anterior muscle
1/10
同义词：
无
小结
| 髋肌和大腿肌 |
肌群：髋肌前群和髋肌后群（臀肌），大腿前群、大腿后群和大腿内侧群 髋关节的运动：屈曲和伸展，旋内和旋外，外展和内收 膝关节的运动：屈曲和伸展，旋内和旋外 |
| 小腿肌和足肌 |
肌群：小腿前群、小腿外侧群和小腿后群，足底内侧群、足底中间群、足底外侧群和足背肌群 踝关节和距跟关节的运动：背屈和跖屈，内翻和外翻，外展和内收 趾骨间关节的运动：屈曲和伸展，外展和内收 |
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