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肩关节（盂肱关节）
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将学会：
- 描述肩关节盂的解剖结构。
- 列举固定肩关节的主要韧带和肌肉。
- 熟悉肩关节产生的运动。
观看视频
肩关节（又称盂肱关节）属于球窝滑膜关节，由肱骨头（球状部分）与肩胛骨的关节盂（窝状结构）相互连结构成。肱骨头的表面积远大于关节盂，这种结构赋予了肩关节最大的活动范围。不过高度灵活性的代价是牺牲了稳定性——肩关节也是人体最易脱位的关节之一。观看下面的视频，你将全面了解肩关节的解剖结构、相关韧带肌肉及其功能。
在掌握了肩关节的基本知识后，请继续观看下一个视频，了解稳定关节和提供关节运动的主要肌肉。
进行测验
现在你已经看完视频，来进行以下测验巩固肩关节的知识吧。
为了进一步挑战自己，你可以进行肩和臂相关的内容更广泛的测验。
浏览图谱
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前侧和后侧观
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/head-of-the-humerus/RxbtIYev9EaDi8Ax9KNE4Q_f9rvvfqsFH_Caput_humeri_2.png "肱骨头 (Head of humerus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/coracohumeral-ligament-1/pxW3RthsgclsWDOQFFBzA_Coracohumeral_ligament_magni.png "喙肱韧带 (Coracohumeral ligament)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/coracoacromial-ligament/zQCbvkPUc9tBhL5uJMFL9g_Coracoacromial_ligament_magni.png "喙肩韧带 (Coracoacromial ligament)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/transverse-humeral-ligament-1/h3vztYxANrgvuCqA31sing_Transverse_humeral_ligament_3.png "肱骨横韧带 (Transverse humeral ligament)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-supraspinatus/8aopcPx9UI7nQdz1DnwhNw_6w5T7o4YpX_M._supraspinatus_1.png "冈上肌 (Supraspinatus muscle)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/musculus-teres-minor/iAJArxmaiB78yHylXkYg_FeDYRgt9Ko_M._teres_minor_1.png "小圆肌 (Teres minor muscle)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/teres-major-muscle-9/rm6sH17ho2SQoONxBF0abQ_Teres_major.png "大圆肌 (Teres major muscle)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/bursa-subdeltoidea-bursa-subacromialis/gV9G40ZK21xifiy3AOdebg_Bursa_subdeltoidea___Bursa_subacromialis_magni.png "三角肌下囊和肩峰下囊 (Subdeltoid & subacromial bursae)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
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肱骨头
Head of humerus
1/14
同义词：
无
外侧观
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/glenoid-cavity-6/SQU0Vu6SGnSrDR6VnzN6g_Glenoid_fossa_of_scapula.png "肩胛骨关节盂 (Glenoid fossa of scapula)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/glenoid-labrum-of-scapula-4/tAUbMW4fM1VFUSYJR0oEgw_Glenoid_labrum_of_scapula.png "肩胛骨盂唇 (Glenoid labrum of scapula)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/coracohumeral-ligament/LlGuHdNf0BhP8alObWA6ZA_Coracohumeral_ligament_magni.png "喙肱韧带 (Coracohumeral ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/coracoacromial-ligament-1/nY8CXMFngq01Q8oGLdXA_Coracoacromial_ligament_.png "喙肩韧带 (Coracoacromial ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superior-glenohumeral-ligament/xe2wdD33Y18yaazF2ZkCg_Superior_glenohumeral_ligament_.png "盂肱上韧带 (Superior glenohumeral ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/middle-glenohumeral-ligament/jFPnkGrnQuL3jfuwOW80HA_Middle_glenohumeral_ligament.png "盂肱中韧带 (Middle glenohumeral ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-glenohumeral-ligament/kBFJaPEW9m3aLGbLYnezA_Inferior_glenohumeral_ligament_.png "盂肱下韧带 (Inferior glenohumeral ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/supraspinatus-muscle-11/ttfKfckbUnlMH46HxJtAQ_Supraspinatus_muscle_.png "冈上肌 (Supraspinatus muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/teres-minor-muscle-11/j2EWtWToXzR9JFxnmXpw_Teres_minor_muscle_.png "小圆肌 (Teres minor muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/subscapularis-muscle-20/sYNdJPk0jragQl7bJFxtqA_Subscapularis_muscle.png "肩胛下肌 (Subscapularis muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/teres-major-muscle-6/sbmC32OMPx5tZul3AYbauw_Teres_major_muscle.png "大圆肌 (Teres major muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/long-head-of-triceps-brachii-muscle-9/o4iOC2MwBlKDShOAThAfw_Long_head_of_triceps_brachii_muscle.png "肱三头肌长头 (Long head of triceps brachii muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/long-head-of-biceps-brachii-muscle-4/i0f6saZXwvISaa7Go62HIg_Tendon_of_long_head_of_biceps_brachii_muscle__magni.png "肱二头肌长头肌腱 (Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/subdeltoid-bursa-subacromial-bursa/eXGGs0ijGMVnwwQQhcrtxw_Subdeltoid___subacromial_bursae__magni.png "三角肌下囊和肩峰下囊 (Subdeltoid & subacromial bursae)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/subtendinous-bursa-of-subscapularis/gOLSMV9gvWb2jbYx5n8wKw_Subtendinous_bursa_of_subscapularis_muscle_magni_.png "肩胛下肌腱下囊 (Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
小结
关节类型 |
滑膜关节和球窝关节 |
关节面 |
肩胛骨关节盂和肱骨头 |
韧带 |
盂肱上韧带、盂肱中韧带、盂肱下韧带、喙肱韧带和横肱韧带 |
重要肌肉 |
肩袖肌群：冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌和肩胛下肌 |
功能 |
屈曲、伸展、外展、内收、旋外、旋内和环转运动 |
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