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嗅神经（CN I）
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 描述嗅神经的结构、功能和毗邻。
- 讨论嗅觉传导通路和嗅黏膜的组成。
浏览图谱
嗅神经（CN I）是一条特殊感觉（特殊内脏传入 SVA）神经，它通过一系列构成通向脑的嗅觉传导通路的神经结构传导嗅觉。这使我们能够察觉各种气味。
每一条固有的嗅神经实际上是15~20条嗅纤维束之一，这些纤维束由位于鼻腔顶部的嗅黏膜内的双极嗅觉感觉神经元组成。这些纤维束穿过筛骨筛板上的细小孔道进入颅腔，在此它们汇入嗅球。
在嗅球内，嗅神经纤维与投射神经元（称为僧帽细胞和丛状细胞）的初级树突形成突触，构成嗅小球。这些神经元的轴突向后投射，形成嗅束。在向后走行的过程中，每条嗅束在嗅三角分叉为内侧和外侧嗅纹。嗅纹投射至嗅皮质的区域，从而产生嗅觉感知。嗅球还接受传出纤维，这些纤维与颗粒细胞形成突触，随后与僧帽细胞和丛状细胞相互作用以调节嗅觉。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/981/PNXAfuemlndoqECt6fVL0w_olfactory-nerve-pathway_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/2877/QpB95UfQV2Sz5nvOqMLA_olfactory-nerve-olfactory-organ-and-bulb_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
你可以查阅我们的图谱，进一步复习嗅觉通路的结构，以及嗅器和嗅球的显微解剖。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cribriform-plate-5/jvkGFGDjwrGz6Pg64mhDvA_Cribriform_plate.jpg "筛板 (Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mucosa-olfactoria/kjc70lXxE48GbNGMTPMFQ_Olfactory_mucosa.jpg "鼻粘膜嗅部 (Olfactory part of nasal mucosa)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-nerve-3/VuFXLvy5QqPqPQ5NMb4Q_Olfactory_nerve.jpg "嗅束 (Olfactory fiber bundles)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-bulb/HRBDVblQzyZyrLCWtTHUw_Olfactory_bulb.jpg "嗅球 (Olfactory bulb)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nucleus-olfactorius-anterior/Puv9aQzbItF7DXEnWsEr6A_Anterior_olfactory_nucleus__magni_.jpg "前嗅核 (Anterior olfactory nucleus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-tract/2Lki2u2tWCx4lvgYNsYvMQ_Olfactory_tract.jpg "嗅束 (Olfactory tract)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-trigone-1/wD1oATI9Zn5V9jJ4ySzrng_Trigonum_oflactorium__magni_.jpg "嗅三角 (Olfactory trigone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-tubercle-1/eh7oQ8cRxFj1UoTTItkGA_Tuberculum_olfactorium__magni_.jpg "嗅结节 (Olfactory tubercle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-perforated-substance/tk9WOPP0ZfmlgepIxyVlQ_Anterior_perforated_substance.jpg "前穿质 (Anterior perforated substance)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/medial-olfactory-stria/B7pkgEc0aVupsdc1rdFDA_Medial_olfactory_stria.jpg "内侧嗅纹 (Medial olfactory stria)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-olfactory-stria/7eQA9eC3ipHXhj2m7P2iWQ_Lateral_olfactory_stria.jpg "外侧嗅纹 (Lateral olfactory stria)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/afferent-fibers-from-olfactory-bulb/fHY3yJEc2hcBZIfYdQlVQ_Afferent_fibers_to_olfactory_bulb.jpg "嗅束传入纤维 (Afferent fibers of olfactory tract)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/efferent-fibers-to-olfactory-bulb/InZvWHiRviQVM0DpEkxVJg_Efferent_fibers_to_olfactory_bulb.jpg "嗅束传出纤维 (Efferent fibers of olfactory tract)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/piriform-cortex/rk1rMa2Mll3EF7lugv2T6w_Piriform_cortex.jpg "梨状皮质 (Piriform cortex)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/gyrus-ambiens/MiMFwJRYPBr6dTeDP7NRGQ_Gyrus_ambiens.jpg "环周回 (Ambient gyrus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/hypothalamus-5/KXl2TGI1QQX2MCK0z9YYfw_Hypothalamus.jpg "下丘脑 (Hypothalamus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/corpus-amygdaloideum/ARp6pagVPhURGB1DnxRPJw_Amygdaloid_body(2).jpg "杏仁体 (Amygdaloid body)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/uncus-3/MH4JWETXInm4CtkW7yxsiA_Uncus.jpg "钩 (Uncus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-commissure-2/EG3S5GSOnHPAJzQhZKCg_Anterior_commissure.jpg "前连合 (Anterior commissure)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/parahippocampal-gyrus/44pUoyAjE4kYO9RoBxNDOA_Parahippocampal_gyrus.jpg "海马旁回 (Parahippocampal gyrus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/orbitofrontal-cortex-3/bTZy7L0PDRk51Ei68hUcUQ_Orbitofrontal_cortex.jpg "眶额叶皮质 (Orbitofrontal cortex)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/entorhinal-cortex/jd0q8AIOuNfxax6i4Fw_Enthorinal_cortex.jpg "内嗅皮层 (Entorhinal cortex)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
筛板
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
1/22
同义词：
筛骨筛板
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lamina-cribrosa-4/H9wi61WWbrM5BCVJhYOzxg_Lamina_cribrosa.jpg "筛板 (Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-mucus-layer/SkPm8S9PPRtC9xWsc2yXJQ_Olfactory_mucosa.jpg "鼻粘膜嗅部 (Olfactory part of nasal mucosa)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lamina-propria-4/948JJ473UdCVWKe8hacA_Lamina_propria.jpg "固有层 (Lamina propria)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/epithelium-olfactorium/WXWrgXndhwoaXa06mO4g_Olfactory_epithelium.jpg "嗅上皮 (Olfactory epithelium)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-sensory-neuron-1/7HW1FyCqc5uf8cO09rRaoQ_Olfactory_sensory_neuron__magni_.jpg "嗅觉神经元 (Olfactory sensory neuron)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-cilia-1/SFnNBCwiyHkZVpRCjz1Zg_Olfactory_cilia__magni_.jpg "嗅纤毛 (Olfactory cilia)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/supporting-epithelial-cell-1/vnn5K3hVbVZdpJlqWA8ozg_Group_2.jpg "支持细胞 (Supporting epithelial cell)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/basal-cells/4aSzGZJUgt2Fmc7V7YMg_Basal_cells.jpg "基底细胞 (Basal cells)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/olfactory-glands-of-bowman/0PsYjVomm63bekJ2hQT7w_Olfactory_gland_of_Bowman.jpg "嗅腺（鲍曼腺） (Olfactory gland (of Bowman))；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/glomerulus-olfactorius/qhUMNs9YPXd0NoueImlfvg_Olfactory_glomerulus__magni_.jpg "嗅小球 (Olfactory glomerulus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/projection-neurons/0hmbttPudzYn5Ik3ofHGQ_Projection_neurons.jpg "投射神经元 (Projection neurons)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/periglomerular-cell-1/5BjF1VaelDcWi5BC2mg_Periglomerullar_cell.jpg "球旁细胞 (Periglomerular cell)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/granular-cell/tCCGIbTtzpWysoY2uG1XUQ_Granular_cell.jpg "颗粒细胞 (Granular cell)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/bulbus-olfactorius-2/CxNXgGyvvpss8KEAJmzHXg_Olfactory_bulb.jpg "嗅球 (Olfactory bulb)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/neurofibrae-afferentes-bulbi-olfactorii/80AJdUCfl6wV2rDKhbX8Ng_Afferent_fibers_to_olfactory_bulb.jpg "嗅束传入纤维 (Afferent fibers of olfactory tract)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/neurofibrae-efferentes-bulbi-olfactorii/W5XXKt26kodDRJoUMbAQ5A_Efferent_fibers_to_olfactory_bulb.jpg "嗅束传出纤维 (Efferent fibers of olfactory tract)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
嗅球
Olfactory bulb
1/17
同义词：
嗅神经球, 第一嗅中枢
进行测验
利用我们关于嗅神经及相关结构的测验来测试你的知识：
小结
| 嗅器 |
（鼻黏膜的嗅部） 上皮：嗅觉感觉/感受神经元（包含嗅纤毛）、支持细胞和基底（干）细胞 固有层：嗅腺（鲍曼腺） |
| 嗅神经 | 第I对脑神经（CN I）：每侧穿过筛板的15~20条嗅纤维束的统称 |
| 嗅球 | 包含嗅小球、投射神经元（僧帽细胞和丛状细胞）的胞体、颗粒细胞、球旁细胞；作为嗅觉传导通路的中继站 |
| 嗅束 |
投射神经元的轴突（嗅球的传入纤维） 前嗅核 嗅球的传出（离心）纤维 |
| 嗅纹 | 嗅束的内侧和外侧分支 |
| 嗅皮质 |
内侧嗅纹：胼胝体下区、终板旁回、前连合 |
| 功能/纤维类型 |
嗅觉 特殊感觉 / 特殊内脏传入 |
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