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小脑皮质
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 描述小脑皮质的解剖结构。
- 识别小脑的叶和小叶。
- 根据小脑皮质的亚分区和区域，列出其传入和传出连接。
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小脑是大脑的一部分，位于脑桥和延髓的后方（背侧）。它位于颅后窝，大脑枕叶的下方，之间由小脑幕分隔。小脑通过三对大的双侧神经纤维束（即小脑脚）与脑干相连。
从大体层面看，小脑以中央的蚓部为主体结构，其两侧各有一个小脑半球 。小脑具有三个面：上面（幕面）、前面（岩骨面）和下面（枕下面）。所有这些面都高度卷曲，并具有深裂，将小脑分为若干叶，各叶又进一步细分为若干小叶。与大脑皮质相比，小脑表面的折叠更为紧密，其表面有被称为 folia（小脑叶片/小脑薄叶）的细小叶褶。
小脑接收来自脊髓外周感受器和运动中枢、视觉和前庭器官以及大脑和脑干的传入信息；它负责整合这些传入信息，以确保运动的协调、平衡和姿势的维持，以及运动学习。
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/velum-medullare-superius-2/G4EqQWiFPB0s0V25XQ7C2Q_Velum_medullare_superius_01.png "上髓帆 (Superior medullary velum)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/velum-medullare-inferius/SmX22krf2u7csAYNUcKXw_Velum_meduallare_inferius_01.png "下髓帆 (Inferior medullary velum)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pedunculus-cerebellaris-superior/fLhX82JFKgr6qIBmbtTRw_Pedunculus_cerebellaris_superior_01.png "小脑上脚 (Superior cerebellar peduncle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pedunculus-cerebellaris-inferior/mNYtK0wjsPsJZwCCNKQ4Jw_Pedunculi_cerebellares_inferior_01.png "小脑下脚 (Inferior cerebellar peduncle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/tentorial-notch/PwV4uPXyLWH8sbfd0oBRA_tentorial_notch.png "小脑幕切迹 (Tentorial notch)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/tentorium-cerebelli/LfJVIQUWnIR1abpF1tDjQ_Tentorium_cerebelli_01.png "小脑幕 (Tentorium cerebelli)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
小脑
Cerebellum
1/39
同义词：
小脑半球
进行测验
通过以下测验来测试你的知识并加以巩固：
小结
|
叶
|
小脑前叶 小脑后叶 绒球小结叶 |
| 小叶 |
蚓部：舌叶（第 Ⅰ 小叶）、中央小叶（第 Ⅱ、Ⅲ 小叶）、山顶（第 Ⅳ、Ⅴ 小叶）、山坡（第 Ⅵ 小叶）、蚓叶（第 ⅦA 小叶）、蚓结节（第 ⅦB 小叶）、蚓锥体（第 Ⅷ 小叶）、蚓垂（第 Ⅸ 小叶）和结节（第 Ⅹ 小叶） 半球：包括小脑舌带（HI）、中央小叶翼（HII & HIII）、方小叶前部（HIV & HV）、方小叶后部（HVI）、上半月小叶和下半月小叶（HVIIA）、薄小叶（HVIIB）、二腹小叶（HVIII）、小脑扁桃体（HIX）和绒球（HX） |
| 裂 |
叶间裂：原裂、外侧裂 前叶：中央前裂、中央后裂 后叶：上后裂、水平裂、月状裂、二腹前裂、锥前裂和次裂 |
| 分区 |
脊髓小脑：接受来自脊髓的传入纤维 脑桥小脑：接受来自大脑（经脑桥）的传入纤维 前庭小脑：接受来自前庭和视觉系统的传入纤维 |
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