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膈的胸面观
学习目标
完成本学习单元你将能够：
- 描述膈的解剖位置和功能。
- 识别在膈的胸面上可见的各种结构。
- 列出膈的裂孔并命名通过这些裂孔的结构。
浏览图谱
膈是一个巨大的圆顶形肌腱结构，分隔胸腔和腹腔。其肌纤维起源于外周，向内汇合止于左、右中心腱。这块肌肉的收缩对呼吸至关重要，因为它能使膈的圆顶结构变平，从而扩大胸腔，使空气流入肺部。
膈由左、右膈神经支配，这些神经起源于第 3 至第 5 对脊神经。膈上有许多孔道或裂孔，允许结构进出胸腔。三个主要的裂孔以通过其中的结构命名：主动脉裂孔、食管裂孔和腔静脉孔。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/663/Avgca3SHi0aAweTmIVri3A_thoracic-surface-of-the-diaphragm_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
在下方图集中，再次观察与膈胸面相关的每个独立结构。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/central-tendon-of-diaphragm-2/n2e5U7R5UUoZIa0TR8qaw_Central_tendon_02.png "膈中心腱 (Central tendon of diaphragm)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/aorta-thoracica-4/Y13t6VvgqDVohv1p4dPaA_Aorta_decendens_thoracica_01.png "降主动脉 (Descending thoracic aorta)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/esophagus-4/xHz5j7Sp8uJnQMty0vM48A_Oesophagus_01.png "食管 (Esophagus)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-cava-inferior-5/OfLMUVAYGX4P9TPi6fPxaQ_V._cava_inferior_01.png "下腔静脉 (Inferior vena cava)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pars-diaphragmatica-pleurae-parietalis-3/6S4zO5dQnGJqX8J3LUjag_Pars_diaphragmatica_pleura_parietalis_01.png "壁胸膜膈部 (Diaphragmatic part of parietal pleura)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pars-costalis-pleurae-parietalis-3/CXfKfOkrOwyKsyaDGlo7Q_pars-costalis-pleurae-parietalis-3.jpg "壁胸膜肋部 (Costal part of parietal pleura)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pars-mediastinalis-pleurae-parietalis-3/vJxQSrDnltDXmzeDt1KFg_pars-mediastinalis-pleurae-parietalis-3.jpg "壁胸膜纵隔部 (Mediastinal part of parietal pleura)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vertebral-part-of-parietal-pleura/MxrNhBlZt5lpcsEYOyGQ_vertebral_part_of_parietal_pleura.jpg "壁胸膜脊柱部 (Vertebral part of parietal pleura)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/discus-intervertebralis-tvii-tix/ujEtnjTSPanhDAdrMJb2g_Discus_intervertebralis_T8-9_01.png "第7~8胸椎间盘 (Intervertebral discs T7-T8)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-azygos-3/DlJfHLbUXyfNkAsXpOqoCA_V._azygos_1.png "奇静脉 (Azygos vein)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-hemiazygos-3/KHqVAD4RBqMViuiatlfA_V._hemiazygos_m01.png "半奇静脉 (Hemiazygos vein)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/truncus-sympathicus-dexter-3/iQVjgwfnuQ15EDBn3iD2bA_Truncus_symphaticus_dexter_m01.png "右交感干 (Right sympathetic trunk)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/truncus-sympathicus-sinister-3/v0ERNICulM4hkeyjSSsYA_Truncus_symphaticus_sinister_m01.png "左交感干 (Left sympathetic trunk)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pericardium-4/7Bqnzq1Xw4AWiQdSvN6cg_Pericard_01.png "心包 (Pericardium)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sternum-2/PYoUOemrzQvXuuw4yT9g_Sternum_01.png "胸骨 (Sternum)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mediastinum-anterius/xyjzVJ6okHAJOMLS7LvFg_Mediastiunum_anterius_01.png "前纵隔 (Anterior mediastinum)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/recessus-costomediastinalis-sinister/HmAs4v23fwBNFMrqHmVg_Recessus_costomediastinalis_sinister_cavitatis_pleuralis_01.png "左肋纵隔隐窝 (Left costomediastinal recess)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/recessus-costomediastinalis-dexter/l5ZJW2bVV7X0B5utaqc9A_Recessus_costomediastinalis_dexter_cavitatis_pleuralis_01.png "右肋纵隔隐窝 (Right costomediastinal recess)；图像：Brendon Farley"){kind=logo}
膈中心腱
Central tendon of diaphragm
1/18
同义词：
膈肌中心腱
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小结
| 组成部分 | 骨骼肌（胸骨部、肋部和腰部）、中心腱 |
| 功能 |
呼吸的主要肌肉 增加腹压以辅助排便、呕吐和排尿 对食管施加压力以防止胃酸反流 |
| 解剖关系 | 壁胸膜、心包 |
| 裂孔 |
主动脉裂孔：主动脉、奇静脉、胸导管 食管裂孔：食管、胃左动静脉分支、迷走神经前干和后干 腔静脉孔：下腔静脉、右膈神经分支 |
| 神经支配 | 左、右膈神经（C3~C5） |
继续学习
相关教材
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