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蝶骨
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 从颅骨的不同视角定位蝶骨。
- 说出蝶骨的四个主要组成部分及其形态特征。
- 识别与蝶骨骨性特征相关的神经血管结构和器官。
浏览图谱
蝶骨是颅骨中结构最复杂的骨骼之一，构成颅底中部的大部分区域，参与形成颅中窝的底壁，同时也是骨性眼眶的组成部分之一。本视频教程将为你概述蝶骨的相关知识。
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/507/BIrR8X5REulYeDrzyhlrQ_sphenoid-bone-parts_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/3398/tOSWRsKCE0yacgQGruBQ_sphenoid-bone-anterior-view_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/3403/AGkZ8XfNz2pVcREjDD3w_sphenoid-bone-posterior-view_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
可浏览图集，更细致地学习蝶骨各组成部分和骨性标志的相关知识。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/corpus-ossis-sphenoidalis/M8gIxg5LaB0ZgzbjYB7mg_Corpus_ossis_sphenoidalis_01.png "蝶骨体 (Body of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/corpus-ossis-sphenoidalis-2/MiUggGu3X17wlBGb9lLwwg_Body_of_sphenoid_01.png "蝶骨体 (Body of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/jugum-sphenoidale/PBLV8k0BXj2GQ7qqrR9tug_Jugum_sphenoidale_01.png "蝶轭 (Sphenoidal yoke)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-prechiasmaticus/nktvMyOof0PIZb1rG8Eg_Sulcus_prechiasmaticus_01.png "视交叉沟 (Chiasmatic sulcus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sella-turcica/KQlQo37GdAR0sbBh1ORolw_Sella_turcica.jpg "蝶鞍 (Sella turcica of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/dorsum-sellae/UUlbqXyedubjYjVznG3wlw_Dorsum_sellae_01.png "蝶骨鞍背 (Dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/dorsum-sellae-2/zZ2jd5MBSNoHISZS3GvdOg_Dorsum_sellae_01.png "蝶骨鞍背 (Dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/tuberculum-sellae/6D54Pnd9L81NnqIDxKE7w_Tuberculum_sellae_01.png "鞍结节 (Tuberculum sellae of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/fossa-hypophysialis/77UYD0jnDKq9jIl3wiYeKw_Fossa_hypophysialis_01.png "垂体窝 (Hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/processus-clinoideus-posterior/JnIx7pyWL7IyFSgVkNa30Q_Posterior_clinoid_process.png "后床突 (Posterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-clinoid-process-2/xQIVUTWvgHRxPag9CKRwA_Posterior_clinoid_process_02.png "后床突 (Posterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-caroticus/ulOr267ztMUfgyGsZXn2ZQ_Sulcus_caroticus_01.png "颈动脉沟 (Carotid sulcus of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-caroticus-ossis-sphenoidalis/ZjiCGceMBfWv5D5E7QyFhw_Carotid_groove_01.png "颈动脉沟 (Carotid sulcus of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/crista-sphenoidalis/Is516n7HVzI1qv3j5AyAkQ_Sphenoidal_crest_01.png "蝶嵴 (Sphenoidal crest)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sphenoidal-rostrum/IMLyvJqj1r3vMX95bYVS8g_Sphenoidal_rostrum_02.png "蝶嘴 (Sphenoidal rostrum)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sinus-sphenoidalis-2/5k2Q3k0zIRBZoPQaGlADfw_Opening_of_sphenoidal_sinus_01.png "蝶窦 (Sphenoidal sinus)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sinus-sphenoidalis/C3lAyQ47ETSQOnqloQ_Sinus_sphenoidalis_01.png "蝶窦 (Sphenoidal sinus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/concha-sphenoidalis/t4MumchwyeRTXoaxFdXp1Q_Sphenoidal_conchae_01.png "蝶甲 (Sphenoidal concha)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ala-minor-os-sphenoidale-4/CCLpZr4Mz41rICs8WZpTpw_Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone_01.png "蝶骨小翼 (Lesser wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ala-minor-os-sphenoidale-2/K8ypQFbU7ywwmBTY8SDGOw_Ala_minor_ossis_sphenoidalis_01.png "蝶骨小翼 (Lesser wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/optic-canal-2/JCm9A4JEjxZCNdjvSfDdgw_Canalis_opticus_02.png "视神经管 (Optic canal)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/processus-clinoideus-anterior/8i6opFv9hkfVQpet0O8wg_Proc._clinoideus_anterior_01.png "前床突 (Anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-clinoid-process-3/6xTy3QFG07yrBvyZ4hFHSQ_Anterior_clinoid_process_02.png "前床突 (Anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/greater-wing-of-sphenoid-bone-4/l2qynbDXYjVzKju6adazA_Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone_02.png "蝶骨大翼 (Greater wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ala-major-os-sphenoidale-2/F15qFxb7grhaQG1yp81vmw_Ala_major_ossis_sphenoidalis_01.png "蝶骨大翼 (Greater wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/facies-cerebralis-alae-majoris-ossis-sphenoidalis/CbgHtyEnOX6W9s1Dwvv9Q_Cerebral_surface_of_greater_wing_01.png "蝶骨大脑面 (Cerebral surface of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/facies-temporalis-alaris-majoris-ossis-sphenoidalis/UJFwOa2VAFuv0xjn0oNyaQ_Temporal_surface_of_greater_wing_01.png "蝶骨颞面 (Temporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/crista-infratemporalis-2/sUW8n5MmaYfFcQiPnpIh7A_Infratemporal_crest_01.png "蝶骨颞下嵴 (Infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/facies-maxillaris-alaris-majoris-ossis-sphenoidalis/aj4HxxUKzGFBV8b9tZkg_Maxillary_surface_01.png "蝶骨上颌面 (Maxillary surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/facies-orbitalis-alaris-majoris-ossis-sphenoidalis/qcyHlQc18gHSwmtIKlTqA_Orbital_surface_of_greater_wing_01.png "蝶骨眶面 (Orbital surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/orbital-surface-of-greater-wing-of-sphenoid-bone-1/dDpbdd7JmDUMxjfY8Wk9A_orbital_surface_of_greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone.png "蝶骨眶面 (Orbital surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/foramen-rotundum/yvTmzU0WG5KrgyMa90o0Vg_Foramen_rotundum.jpg "圆孔 (Foramen rotundum)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/foramen-rotundum-4/rPoCfcrCJVogRMGSq2CtA_Foramen_rotundum_04.png "圆孔 (Foramen rotundum)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/foramen-ovale-2/YFlgD7ha1iBsFXCY4tKcQ_Foramen_ovale_01.png "卵圆孔 (Foramen ovale)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/foramen-spinosum-2/efQPYv6V6n52MylBEju8Q_Foramen_spinosum.jpg "棘孔 (Foramen spinosum)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sulcus-tubae-auditivae/tNg1Sa8xFu0wxibwtmUUcg_Sulcus_for_auditory_tube_01.png "蝶骨咽鼓管沟 (Sulcus of auditory tube of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pterygoid-process-of-sphenoid-bone-3/rGbzYXO0013KMUOlpGCXDA_Pterygoid_process_02.png "蝶骨翼突 (Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/processus-pterygoideus-ossis-sphenoidalis-2/IppTZbgBmLAMBoWO4wq5oQ_Proc._pterygoideus_01.png "蝶骨翼突 (Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/medial-plate-of-pterygoid-process-3/MXryF7GNNsiivYnZ5oajcQ_Medial_pterygoid_plate_02.png "翼突内侧板 (Medial plate of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lamina-medialis-processus-pterygoideus/U7TtfyXMkLx08hJTVNil2w_Lamina_medialis_01.png "翼突内侧板 (Medial plate of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lamina-lateralis-processus-pterygoidei-3/B63p9EX9qVqunOrkyKpA_Lateral_pterygoid_plate_01.png "翼突外侧板 (Lateral plate of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Samantha Zimmerman"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lamina-lateralis-processus-pterygoideus/Ej6KUXwZSEkMWatif7Drxw_Lamina_lateralis_01.png "翼突外侧板 (Lateral plate of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
蝶骨体
Body of sphenoid bone
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同义词：
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学习上述图谱后，快来完成测验巩固所学知识吧。
小结
| 主要部分 |
体部（正中部分） 大翼（外侧部分） 小翼（前部） 翼突（朝向下） |
| 缝 |
与额骨形成蝶额缝 与顶骨形成蝶顶缝 与颞骨形成蝶鳞缝 与枕骨形成蝶枕缝（25 岁前随骨融合而消失） |
| 毗邻关系 |
体部：前方参与构成鼻腔；外侧邻视神经管；上方为蝶鞍、垂体窝、鞍背 小翼：后上外侧邻视神经管；下方为眶外侧缘；上方为颅腔；与体部和大翼共同构成眶上裂 大翼：前方为眶外侧壁后部；内有卵圆孔和棘孔 翼突：内有翼管和腭鞘管 |
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