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髋和大腿的神经血管
学习目标
完成本单元的学习后，你将可以：
- 熟悉髋和大腿的主要动脉及其供应区域。
- 熟悉髋和大腿的主要静脉及其引流区域。
- 了解髋和大腿的神经及其来源。
观看视频
髋和大腿的血液供应主要来自髂内动脉和股动脉。髂内动脉分出臀上动脉、臀下动脉和闭孔动脉，它们主要供应臀部区域，但其中一些分支也为大腿区域供血。股动脉由髂外动脉进入股三角后延续而成，是大腿的主要供血动脉。髋和大腿的的血液主要由股静脉回流，其两条主要分支为股深静脉和大隐静脉。髋和大腿的肌肉和皮肤的神经支配则来自腰丛（L1–L4）和骶丛（L4–S4）的神经。
观看下方视频，深入了解髋和大腿的动脉、静脉及神经分布。
进行测验
浏览无法代替学习，通过测验来巩固你所学的知识并查漏补缺。
若想进一步挑战，尝试我们关于下肢神经血管的个性化测验。
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使用我们的图谱库查漏补缺，吃透巩固每个结构的知识。
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superficial-circumflex-iliac-artery/XpY2iw1VpxVs20beORWizQ_Superficial_circumflex_iliac_artery_02.png "旋髂浅动脉 (Superficial circumflex iliac artery)；图像：Rebecca Betts"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-profunda-femoris-3/V4uynjLQ3qhEYyNmIqlScA_Deep_femoral_artery_01.png "股深动脉 (Deep femoral artery)；图像：Rebecca Betts"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/medial-femoral-circumflex-artery/0W8mvtULmwpdjOSIr57gw_medial-femoral-circumflex-artery_magni.png "旋股内侧动脉 (Medial circumflex femoral artery)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-circumflex-femoral-artery/1tIAYbj3wqhZxEkG9S4Xw_Lateral_circumflex_femoral_artery_magni.png "旋股外侧动脉 (Lateral circumflex femoral artery)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-descendens-genus/iY3rleaIuPHeopKL8K5Jg_HyqW9y2nqo_Arteria_descendens_genus_1.png "膝降动脉 (Descending genicular artery)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-iliaca-interna-4/GnzVIMPgqdPwD1kid4eXtQ_arteria-iliaca-interna-4.png "髂内动脉 (Internal iliac artery)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-obturatoria-2/J3y40IqklHCMgQXASBGC3A_A._obturatoria_01.png "闭孔动脉 (Obturator artery)；图像：Rebecca Betts"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-glutea-superior/Yh3Rm02BGf2PczGRVVPhw_UdSAdQQQZU_Arteria_glutea_superior_1.png "臀上动脉 (Superior gluteal artery)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/great-saphenous-vein-2/yQlzanpJdnyMuyR9AqhNQ_great-saphenous-vein.jpg "大隐静脉 (Great saphenous vein)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/deep-femoral-vein/eDJlrJ03KRS6gRogsVbkg_deep-femoral-vein-magni.jpg "股深静脉 (Deep femoral vein)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-femoralis-3/TfAmC8b7MeUvyp9M0c9p4g_femoral-vein-magni.jpg "股静脉 (Femoral vein)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/femoral-nerve-2/xdMkKJucH0PGhdByn88Pig_xH1SpntpZe_Nervus_femoralis_2.png "股神经 (Femoral nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ramus-muscularis-musculi-vastus-medialis/pYNe9lZAzYdqpWYz2MirWQ_PdyZFzbbez_Ramus_muscularis_musculi_vastus_medialis_1.png "股神经肌支 (Muscular branches of femoral nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-saphenus/h1I1kAzaRDb4yadsZ8LCA_G2t4K4eM5Y_Nervus_saphenus_1.png "隐神经 (Saphenous nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-cutaneus-femoris-lateralis/qlZSgtOah6s3eBV2UZqSSA_fu6WdP6TQw_Nervus_cutaneus_femoris_lateralis_1.png "股外侧皮神经 (Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-cutaneus-femoris-posterior/BmJ69UldYPskbTXWJpffjg_h3PX7s9fq5_Nervus_cutaneus_femoris_posterior_1.png "股后皮神经 (Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-ischiadicus/HHdHCB490i8szeuKCiSYNg_AKvTUjQS1d_Nervus_ischiadicus_1.png "坐骨神经 (Sciatic nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-obturatorius/IYtrNfWaGXvlO1vTKJLyQ_Nervus_obturatorius_01.png "闭孔神经 (Obturator nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superior-gluteal-nerve/MDed9eaSI8LecYjEXjrJA_xSzW2ZD68B_Nervus_gluteus_superior_2.png "臀上神经 (Superior gluteal nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-gluteal-nerve/N2WgGrtNMseXHEIG67Gm8Q_Nervus_gluteus_inferior.png "臀下神经 (Inferior gluteal nerve)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervi-clunium-superiores/hdcxyG64D2fgV5Amodpr4w_vkVmh4rxBz_Nervi_clunium_superiores_1.png "臀上皮神经 (Superior cluneal nerves)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervi-clunium-medii/tcpZa9t3cWCYgpXic3w_Nervi_clunium_medii_magni.png "臀中皮神经 (Middle cluneal nerves)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervi-clunium-inferiores/PSrc3iir2qDqzOggkL0zw_inferior_cluneal_nerves_1.png "臀下皮神经 (Inferior cluneal nerves)；图像：Liene Znotina"){kind=logo}
髂总动脉
Common iliac artery
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同义词：
无
小结
| 髋和大腿的动脉 |
髂外动脉：髂深动脉、股动脉、腹壁浅动脉、旋髂浅动脉、股深动脉、旋股内侧动脉、旋股外侧动脉和膝降动脉 髂内动脉：闭孔动脉、臀上动脉和臀下动脉 |
髋和大腿的静脉 (分支) |
浅层：大隐静脉和小隐静脉 深层：股静脉、股深静脉、旋股内侧静脉和旋股外侧静脉 |
| 髋和大腿的神经 |
腰丛：股外侧皮神经、副闭孔神经、闭孔神经、 股神经（隐神经）和臀上皮神经 骶丛：臀上神经、臀下神经、股后皮神经（臀下皮神经）、坐骨神经（胫神经、腓总神经）和臀内侧皮神经 |
| 肌肉的神经支配 |
股神经：股四头肌、耻骨肌和缝匠肌 坐骨神经：股二头肌、半膜肌、半腱肌和大收肌坐骨部 闭孔神经：短收肌、长收肌、股薄肌、闭孔外肌和大收肌 臀上神经：阔筋膜张肌、臀小肌、臀中肌和梨状肌 臀下神经：臀大肌 |
| 皮肤的神经支配 |
股神经：大腿前侧和内侧（前皮支） 隐神经：隐静脉走行区域；至髋关节和膝关节的关节支 股外侧皮神经：大腿外侧 股后皮神经：臀大肌下缘、大腿后侧和内侧 坐骨神经：大腿后侧 闭孔神经：大腿内侧 臀上皮神经：臀上部 臀内侧皮神经：臀内侧 臀下皮神经：臀下部 |
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