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食管
学习目标
学习本单元后你将能够：
- 识别食管的三个部分。
- 描述其与周围结构的解剖关系。
- 熟悉食管的动脉、静脉和神经支配。
浏览图谱
食管是一个肌性的中空器官，通过蠕动运动将食物从咽推送到胃。两个肌肉环（食管上括约肌和下括约肌）调节食物和液体的通过。食管主要位于纵隔内，与周围几个结构密切相关。根据其位置，食管可分为三个部分：颈部、胸部和腹部。
食管的血管供应主要源自甲状腺下动脉、胸主动脉的直接分支以及胃左动脉。静脉引流由食管静脉提供，这些静脉主要由奇静脉系统和头臂静脉接纳。食管丛通过副交感和交感纤维向食管提供神经支配。淋巴液引流至颈深淋巴结、区域淋巴结（食管旁淋巴结）、气管旁淋巴结、上和下气管支气管淋巴结、胃左淋巴结和腹腔淋巴结。
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:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/65/BDnyxYvAnPRLDV8ND0A_arteries-of-the-posterior-thoracic-wall_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/2438/iiNf2rPuXZc7MLunnUvm0Q_veins-of-the-posterior-thoracic-wall_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_5000_10percent.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/overview_image/349/TVFyi7nLPzQDHliga65UaQ_nerves-of-the-esophagus_cn.jpg){kind=logo}
在下方图集中仔细观察食管的解剖结构。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/esophagus-6/ngi0evCNZIJtcep2RnOQQw_Esophagus_02.png "食管 (Esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pars-cervicalis-esophagi/yOaLpnx83UZbuPPwEbgbA_Pars_cervicalis_oesophagi_01.png "食管颈部 (Cervical part of esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cervical-part-of-esophagus/smGENzR0OnzGUoX8dXC1A_Pars_cervicalis_oesophagi_02.png "食管颈部 (Cervical part of esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pars-thoracica-esophagi/MDHzH6XqNZeTKtA9dQrqJA_Pars_thoracica_oesophagi_01.png "食管胸段 (Thoracic part of esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/thoracic-part-of-esophagus-2/YJxnwUBOyfV4BuyO6A2JGw_Pars_thoracica_oesophagi_02.png "食管胸段 (Thoracic part of esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/abdominal-part-of-esophagus/5FRZRWKVziKcyVJUcceRlw_Pars_abdominalis_oesophagi_02.png "食管腹部 (Abdominal part of esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/esophagus-8/MG8n9XB8tq6i33euySdYQ__esophagus-8.jpg "食管 (Esophagus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/trachea/BfVLXsqfY5BWqMjQqpdA_Trachea_01.png "气管 (Trachea)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/bifurcatio-tracheae/cjAjWfCIkZYWsIl0GenKg_Bifurcatio_trachae_01.png "气管杈 (Tracheal bifurcation)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/bronchus-principalis-dexter/pSZivxitnJ0DU3MLhEgxYQ_Bronchus_principalis_dexter_01.png "右主支气管 (Right main bronchus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/bronchus-principalis-sinister/wQHg2bhcVSxhDAQgPJpQ_Bronchus_principalis_sinister_01.png "左主支气管 (Left main bronchus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/aortic-arch/QtmWlFZmCoF8TDZAHH6sg_Arcus_aortae_02.png "主动脉弓 (Aortic arch)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pericardium/putJOjmnQSFO48JIHyHTVg_Pericardium_01.png "心包 (Pericardium)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pericardium-7/TwtCgkhb7pOgXRfjxLWpg_pericardium-7.jpg "心包 (Pericardium)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/diaphragma/bW4d3jaVr3PYLDmhgxbeA_Diaphragma_01.png "膈肌 (Diaphragm)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/hiatus-oesophageus/XFqzCYGBU8k1di3riCd7A_Esophageal_hiatus.png "食管裂孔 (Esophageal hiatus)；图像：Stephan Winkler"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ostium-cardiacum-oesophagi/EFi9X7S0ZucGnqL7jroHw_Ostium_cardiacum_oesophagi.png "食管腹部 (Abdominal part of esophagus)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/gaster/1j8uT6MmyuqXRJi3cs7YA_Gaster_01.png "胃 (Stomach)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
食管
Esophagus
1/18
同义词：
食道
在下方图集中探索食管的淋巴系统和神经血管。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/rami-oesophageales-arteriae-thyroideae-inferioris/jPVawazSgHi8afdyfnj7w_Rr._oesophagialis_A._thyroideae_inferioris_1.png "甲状腺下动脉食管支 (Esophageal branches of inferior thyroid artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ramus-oesophageales-aortae-thoracicae/7gP2NxiUQg8U2pCyBmLjHw_Rr._oesophagialis_01.png "食管支 (Esophageal branches of aorta)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/aorta-thoracica/04jkmaE2ij8K6yx0GrMg_Aorta_descendens_01.png "降主动脉 (Descending thoracic aorta)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ramus-oesophageales-arteriae-gastricae-sinistrae/fEH6IhcyM2eTovPGpRhwQ_R._oesophagialis_A._gastrica_sinistra_1.png "胃左动脉食管支 (Esophageal branches of left gastric artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteriae-phrenicae-inferiores/lvmVAcmOmEQxqyA3awPZw_Aa._phrenicae_inferiores_01.png "膈下动脉 (Inferior phrenic artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/esophageal-veins/rjEx566qd8kqEnmawnRHQ_Vv._oesophageales_02.png "食管静脉 (Esophageal veins)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-azygos-2/ByJUSw3TKo6EjVXD1PZtQw_V._azygos_01.png "奇静脉 (Azygos vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/hemiazygos-vein-2/kjRI9ZqV5DUluNtzxOfiw_V._hemiazygos_2.png "半奇静脉 (Hemiazygos vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/accessory-hemiazygos-vein-2/LpgAkpqDbcDJIBBXPk7C1A_V._hemiazygos_accessoria_02.png "副半奇静脉 (Accessory hemiazygos vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-gastrica-sinistra/IZGwYPvEZyUU79c9VbQDkg_V._gastricae_sinistrae_01.png "胃左静脉 (Left gastric vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/plexus-oesophageus/5rByTlZa5tw0diT09ORPYQ_Plexus_esophageus_01.png "食管丛 (Esophageal plexus)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-vagus-dexter/X1YViNbu0yehdvd932BDw_Nervus_vagus_dexter_01.png "右迷走神经 (Right vagus nerve)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-vagus-sinister/1ys2k7HGyQCEbhXUiD7Q_Nervus_vagus_sinister_01.png "左迷走神经 (Left vagus nerve)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-laryngeus-recurrens-sinister/IqWZ29X5ZTBMgYqm7c8MsQ_Nervus_laryngeus_recurrens_sinister_01.png "左喉返神经 (Left recurrent laryngeal nerve)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nervus-laryngeus-recurrens-dexter/3TlZtPA2mDjNirkzl11luw_Nervus_laryngeus_recurrens_dexter_01.png "右喉返神经 (Right recurrent laryngeal nerve)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/truncus-vagalis-anterior/wP9XKMjmxDObs8sMGJ0XA_Truncus_vagalis_anterior_01.png "迷走神经前干 (Anterior vagal trunk)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-cervicales-profundi/JiSniP7XqvxtHauUIwYlUw_Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes__anterior__magni_1.png "颈深淋巴结 (Deep cervical lymph nodes)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-paratracheales/7FLyrImjJnMFb69YinGA_nodi-lymphoidei-paratracheales.jpg "气管旁淋巴结 (Paratracheal lymph nodes)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-tracheobronchiales/fXO4p9ruxBBgxVTa3SEnA_nodi-lymphoidei-tracheobronchiales.jpg "气管支气管淋巴结 (Tracheobronchial lymph nodes)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-tracheobronchiales-superiores/JJDzx7yDOQrtfDCspWng_nodi-lymphoidei-tracheobronchiales-superiores.jpg "气管支气管上淋巴结 (Superior tracheobronchial lymph nodes)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-tracheobronchiales-inferiores/T6sTz2rpYkxeNAcKKiJcw_nodi-lymphoidei-tracheobronchiales-inferiores.jpg "气管支气管下淋巴结 (Inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-gastrici-sinistri-2/8GDXnI1WVZWRB9ZGqOT1NQ_nodi-lymphoidei-gastrici-sinistri-2.jpg "胃左淋巴结 (Left gastric lymph nodes)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/nodi-lymphoidei-coeliaci-4/pYDRo0l4fnbbXHtKXcOlHw_nodi-lymphoidei-coeliaci-4.jpg "腹腔淋巴结 (Celiac lymph nodes)；图像：Irina Münstermann"){kind=logo}
甲状腺下动脉食管支
Esophageal branches of inferior thyroid artery
1/23
同义词：
无
进行测验
通过以下测验巩固所学知识。
小结
| 定义 | 食管是胃肠道的一个肌性管状部分，连接咽与胃。 |
| 分区 |
颈部：位于咽食管结合处与胸廓上口之间 胸部：位于胸廓上口与食管裂孔之间 腹部：位于食管裂孔与食管胃结合处之间 |
| 功能 | 通过蠕动运动将食物从咽推送到胃。 |
| 神经血管供应 |
动脉供血：甲状腺下动脉的食管支、主动脉的食管支、右肋间动脉、胃左动脉的食管支 静脉引流：食管静脉注入甲状腺下静脉、奇静脉系统、胃左静脉 神经支配通过食管丛：副交感神经支配来自迷走神经（第十对脑神经）、喉返神经；交感神经支配来自颈和胸交感干以及第五至十二胸脊神经 嵌入食管壁的肌间神经丛（奥尔巴赫丛）和粘膜下神经丛（梅斯纳丛）在调节蠕动中发挥作用 淋巴管：颈深淋巴结、区域淋巴结（食管旁淋巴结）、气管旁淋巴结、上和下气管支气管淋巴结、胃左淋巴结和腹腔淋巴结 |
| 关系 |
后方：脊柱、胸降主动脉远端部分 前方：气管、左主支气管、左心房 侧方：胸降主动脉近端部分 |
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