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颞下颌关节
学习目标
完成本学习单元后，你将能够：
- 描述颞下颌关节的关节面。
- 识别该关节的其他主要组成部分及支持结构。
- 列举该关节可完成的运动。
浏览图谱
颞下颌关节（TMJ）连接颅骨与下颌骨，位于颞骨的下颌窝、关节结节与下颌骨的髁突之间。该关节属于滑膜关节，但具有特殊性——其关节面覆盖的是纤维软骨，而非透明软骨。颞下颌关节可使下颌完成多种运动，即下降/上提、侧方偏斜（左侧或右侧）以及前伸/后缩。
若想深入了解颞下颌关节的解剖结构，查看下方图谱吧！
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在下方图集中回顾今日所学内容！
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/temporomandibular-joint-1/YWspPi8EYCHxJPfhkPJCGg_Temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节 (Temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/temporal-bone-15/fBp2TJ6UElmiH4dII9cXg_Temporal_bone.jpg "颞骨 (Temporal bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mandible-8/tWCFHXuQqaHE76U2ghn3vQ__Os_mandibulare.jpg "下颌骨 (Mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articular-tubercle-of-temporal-bone-1/HMw2ZS8jMNuFmzPLKFkQ_Articular_tubercle_of_temporal_bone.jpg "关节结节 (Articular tubercle of temporal bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/condylar-process-of-mandible/djvSjsgBfHgcR6mrr8pqMg_Condylar_process_of_mandible.jpg "髁突 (Condylar process of mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articular-surface-of-mandibular-fossa-of-temporal-bone/DKXuniXuCp5kfIZSY17Ww_Articular_surface_of_mandibular_fossa_of_temporal_bone.jpg "颞骨下颌窝关节面 (Articular surface of mandibular fossa of temporal bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articular-surface-of-condyle-of-mandible/TpqlKnTwZVXvUn4IKIz1oQ_Articular_surface_of_mandibular_fossa_of_temporal_bone.jpg "下颌骨髁突关节面 (Articular surface of condyle of mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articular-cartilage-of-temporomandibular-joint/jQZFlOSQSlvo3wqCctAAQ_Articular_cartilage_of_temporomandibular_joint_.jpg "颞下颌关节软骨 (Articular cartilage of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superior-cavity-of-temporomandibular-joint/kzjN1Tsa5BC8skaZoljesg_Superior_cavity_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节上腔 (Superior cavity of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-cavity-of-temporomandibular-joint/HPvQkfRlXp31x2vYl7AQpA_Inferior_cavity_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节下腔 (Inferior cavity of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/synovial-membrane-of-temporomandibular-joint/YCkcD17XYKXLnrDRXdG4tA_Synovial_membrane_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节滑膜 (Synovial membrane of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/tsrZm1me6pB3WR907rTOEw_Articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint_.jpg "颞下颌关节盘 (Articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-thickening-of-articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/iLxb0Id4x9CPfpi1P71PQ_Anterior_band_of_articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节关节盘前带 (Anterior band of articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/intermediate-zone-of-articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/ciYJUuzKe0TVpg4g2HE89w_Intermediate_zone_of_articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节关节盘中间带 (Intermediate zone of articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-thickening-of-articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/KbVJPCIUPYSl3qtyBKFAw_Posterior_band_of_articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节关节盘后带 (Posterior band of articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/retrodiscal-tissue-of-temporomandibular-joint/aXpVxuixnExd5l0gBbrRZA_Retrodiscal_tissue_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节盘后组织 (Retrodiscal tissue of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/articular-capsule-of-temporomandibular-joint/geKoamrESJxxGlSeEZmEHQ_Articular_capsule_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节囊 (Articular capsule of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-articular-capsule-of-temporomandibular-joint/O9MKmIOmX10IW55W70Ov1g_Anterior_articular_capsule_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节前关节囊 (Anterior articular capsule of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-wall-of-joint-capsule-of-temporomandibular-joint/ww59FPZK7kyOenrwA3xw_Posterior_articular_capsule_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节后关节囊 (Posterior articular capsule of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/posterior-temporal-attachment-of-articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/d8iWLfsVQLg1vC3ILr4glg_Posterior_temporal_attachment_of_articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节关节盘颞后附着 (Posterior temporal attachment of articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-temporal-attachment-of-articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/dPMwE6kXZUeeVjNmWR0csw_Anterior_temporal_attachment_of_articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint_.jpg "颞下颌关节关节盘颞前附着 (Anterior temporal attachment of articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/anterior-mandibular-attachment-of-articular-disc-of-temporomandibular-joint/KfFV96bRYTgDZLyqhUrFw_Anterior_mandibular_attachment_of_articular_disc_of_temporomandibular_joint.jpg "颞下颌关节关节盘下颌前附着 (Anterior mandibular attachment of articular disc of temporomandibular joint)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-temporomandibular-ligament/p6P6XzRGjR9EockfsA_Lateral_temporomandibular_ligament.jpg "外侧颞下颌韧带 (Lateral temporomandibular ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/medial-pterygoid-muscle-13/kHmiRN2aAxW0B1zCkBjIog_medial-pterygoid-muscle-13_.jpg "翼内肌 (Medial pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superficial-head-of-medial-pterygoid-muscle/5Rtdw5M5rKvGuqNMUE9Npw_superficial-head-of-medial-pterygoid-muscle.jpg "翼内肌浅头 (Superficial head of medial pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/deep-head-of-medial-pterygoid-muscle/n74e7d8AITpAGoT6bofg_deep-head-of-medial-pterygoid-muscle.jpg "翼内肌深头 (Deep head of medial pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/lateral-pterygoid-muscle-9/NFfcmDrEHWn2ODh0qTAtQ_lateral-pterygoid-muscle-9.jpg "翼外肌 (Lateral pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/superior-head-of-lateral-pterygoid-muscle/VHGdZOrjeLpvuNlcFFrRA_superior-head-of-lateral-pterygoid-muscle.jpg "翼外肌上头 (Superior head of lateral pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-head-of-lateral-pterygoid-muscle/fi2vw591Du1FXr0wp33D3w_inferior-head-of-lateral-pterygoid-muscle_.jpg "翼外肌下头 (Inferior head of lateral pterygoid muscle)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/sphenomandibular-ligament-1/86qKw2wNZJSXK42dACVGuQ_Sphenomandibular_ligament.jpg "蝶下颌韧带 (Sphenomandibular ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/stylomandibular-ligament-1/RT5ifCZxE5LtS8hWtvUQ_Stylomandibular_ligament.jpg "茎突下颌韧带 (Stylomandibular ligament)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
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:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/external-acoustic-meatus-of-temporal-bone/z6f594D8XiOTb3C6kEfoxA_External_acoustic_meatus.jpg "外耳道 (External acoustic meatus)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/mastoid-process-of-temporal-bone/pC8BZZuVBg2hYbRAOIjxhw_Mastoid_process_of_temporal_bone.jpg "乳突 (Mastoid process of temporal bone)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/retraction-of-mandible/Oxo7Z4tvJWmGk4j6EeJKQ_Retraction_of_mandible.png "下颌后退 (Retraction of mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/protraction-of-mandible/lDK6tY7IeHYNVnD0oqYZRQ_Protraction_of_mandible.png "下颌前进 (Protraction of mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/elevation-of-mandible/LuTrHhVkNehkQ1CSirbqPg_Elevation_of_mandible.png "下颌上提 (Elevation of mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/depression-of-mandible/h1SpMUi4SrWADFKeJcziAQ_Depression_of_mandible.png "下颌下降 (Depression of mandible)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
颞下颌关节
Temporomandibular joint
1/39
同义词：
颞颌关节
进行测验
通过下方测验检验你对颞下颌关节的知识掌握程度吧！
小结
| 关节面 |
颞骨：下颌窝及关节结节 下颌骨：髁突 |
| 组成 | 关节囊 滑膜 关节盘（前 / 后带、中间带） |
| 腔隙 | 上腔（盘颞腔）：负责平移运动 下腔（盘下颌腔）：负责旋转运动 |
| 韧带 | 主要：外侧颞下颌韧带（关节囊外侧增厚部分，加强颞下颌关节外侧稳定性） 次要：茎突下颌韧带、蝶下颌韧带 |
| 旋转运动 |
上提：颞肌、咬肌和翼内肌 下降：翼外肌、二腹肌、颏舌骨肌 和下颌舌骨肌 |
| 平移运动 |
前伸：翼外肌和翼内肌、咬肌浅层 后缩：颞肌后纤维、咬肌深层、颏舌骨肌和二腹肌 侧方偏斜（左或右）：颞肌后纤维、二腹肌、下颌舌骨肌和颏舌骨肌；对侧运动：翼外肌和翼内肌 |
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