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甲状腺和甲状旁腺
学习目标
本学习单元将帮助你：
- 描述甲状腺和甲状旁腺的解剖结构。
- 了解甲状腺和甲状旁腺的神经血管供应。
- 陈述甲状腺和甲状旁腺的功能。
游览图谱
甲状腺和甲状旁腺是位于颈部，气管和喉部的前部和侧面的内分泌器官。甲状腺负责产生调节新陈代谢的甲状腺激素。它由两个侧叶，一个峡部和一个锥体叶组成，整个甲状腺都由甲状腺上动脉和下动脉供血。静脉通过甲状腺上、中、下静脉回流至甲状腺。甲状腺分别从三个颈交感神经节和迷走神经分支受交感神经和副交感神经支配。
甲状旁腺位于甲状腺后方，参与调节血钙水平。其神经血管供应与甲状腺相似。
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在以下图谱库中探索甲状腺和甲状旁腺以及周围结构。
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/thyroid-gland-14/ZdRmcYkHZdXCzlFlL7XS9g_Thyroid_Gland.png "甲状腺 (Thyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-lobe-of-the-thyroid-gland/1dFmMXO7mcfYDe6CvVHgqA_Right_lobe_of_thyroid_gland.png "甲状腺右叶 (Right lobe of thyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/right-lobe-of-the-thyroid-gland-1/BNKdT0Q9rCfyKH2wv4nyWw_Right_lobe_of_thyroid_gland.png "甲状腺右叶 (Right lobe of thyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/isthmus-of-the-thyroid-gland-1/2CTuHWwbtk6P7mtodgu12A_Isthmus.png "甲状腺峡部 (Isthmus of thyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/pyramidal-lobe-1/9tmPjqFBNBOneZ0588Miw_Pyramidal_lobe.png "甲状腺锥状叶 (Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/left-lobe-of-the-thyroid-gland-1/LjXeSFJ7VGL0vcZcsL4ow_Left_lobe_of_thyroid_gland.png "甲状腺左叶 (Left lobe of thyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/parathyroid-gland-1/RNYfpZXCe4GT8PlGLT7wA_Parathyroid_Glands.png "甲状旁腺 (Parathyroid gland)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/trachea-27/zGB0kNARZ0E50BMjqpSFQ_Trachea.png "气管 (Trachea)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/thyroid-cartilage-11/MjZHW6AruAnj5rfUTvFzvA_Thyroid_cartilage.png "甲状软骨 (Thyroid cartilage)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cricothyroid-ligament-1/jNaDVyg2Wq7WreQqkuP6Dw_Cricothyroid_ligament.png "环甲韧带 (Cricothyroid ligament)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cricoid-cartilage-10/O51y5XaM1QbhgBs2lM57g_Cricoid_cartilage.png "环状软骨 (Cricoid cartilage)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/cricotracheal-ligament-2/9sSFSz5sv4cU3oJBBLMGkw_Cricotracheal_ligament.png "环气管韧带 (Cricotracheal ligament)；图像：Begoña Rodriguez"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-thyroidea-superior/UH1IPmIyluIuNv9Gj1OVBg_Arteria_thyreoidea_superior_01.png "甲状腺上动脉 (Superior thyroid artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/arteria-thyroidea-inferior/6eJe5jotfQtmkODxn69nQ_A._thyroidea_inferior_01.png "甲状腺下动脉 (Inferior thyroid artery)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-thyroidea-superior/lIc8s1ka2sI26NEcHLatw_vena-thyroidea-superior.jpg "甲状腺上静脉 (Superior thyroid vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-thyroidea-media/S8l6qE9Rj4w4SeYDyXg5g_vena-thyroidea-media.jpg "甲状腺中静脉 (Middle thyroid vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/vena-thyroidea-inferior/roe5LKNhFRuWPlDX4eEBA_inferior-thyroid-vein.jpg "甲状腺下静脉 (Inferior thyroid vein)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ganglion-cervicale-superius/H42F6OPVSQXV9i5oePrw_Ganglion_cervicale_superius_01.png "颈上神经节 (Superior cervical ganglion)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/ganglion-cervicale-medium/vXxvTtHjfyyJW7fw6lTqgw_Ganglion_cervicale_medius_01.png "颈中神经节 (Middle cervical ganglion)；图像：Yousun Koh"){kind=logo}
:watermark(/images/watermark_only.png,0,0,0):watermark(/images/logo_url.png,-10,-10,0):format(jpeg)/images/learnable/inferior-cervical-ganglion/l0RC6T9adQJRd66YQviA_inferior_cervical_ganglion.jpg "颈下神经节 (Inferior cervical ganglion)；图像：Paul Kim"){kind=logo}
甲状腺
Thyroid gland
1/20
同义词：
甲状腺体
进行测验
学习上述图谱后，请通过我们的测验测试你获得的知识。
小结
| 分部 |
甲状腺： 左叶和右叶、峡部、锥体叶（ 不同程度存在） 甲状旁腺： 甲状腺各叶后部有四个扁豆状腺体 |
| 神经血管供应 |
甲状腺： 动脉血供：甲状腺上动脉（来自颈外动脉）和甲状腺下动脉（来自甲状腺颈干），偶尔可能出现甲状腺最下动脉 静脉引流：形成甲状腺丛的甲状腺上、中、下静脉 神经支配：三颈交感神经节、喉上神经外支和喉返神经 甲状旁腺： 动脉血供：甲状腺下动脉 静脉引流：甲状腺静脉丛 神经支配：三个颈交感神经节 |
| 功能 |
甲状腺： 产生甲状腺激素并调节代谢 甲状旁腺： 参与调节血钙水平 |
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